Movement upper limb Flashcards
Meromelia
Partial absence of a limb
PHocomelia
Hand attached to shoulder (thalidomide)
Syndactyly
Fused digits
Polydactyly
Extra digits
Ectrodactyly
Lobster claw
Borders of quadrangular space
Lat- humerus
Med-long head triceps brachii
Sup-teres minor
Inf- teres major
What secretes Fgf10? What does it do?
Lateral plate mesoderm, thickens ectoderm- apical ectodermal ridge which secretes Fgf4 and 8 - progress zone, proximodistal growth
What controls dorsoventral development of limbs?
Wnt7 (dorsal) and Engrailed-1 (ventral, inhibits wnt7)
Secreted by ectoderm
What controls craniocaudal development of limb?
Shh secreted by caudal zone of polarising activity, diffuses in cranial direction
Extensors of the upper limb come from the anterior or posterior condensation, which comes from the dorsal epimere or the ventral hypomere?
Posterior condensation from the ventral hypomere
Pectoral girdle = ?+?
Scapula and clavicle
Nerve supply to levator scapulae, rhomboid maj and min?
Dorsal scapular nerve
Deltoid innervation
Axillary
Which shoulder muscles are not part of the rotator cuff
Deltoid and teres major
Supraspinatus and infraspinatus nerve supply
Supra-scapular nerve
Teres minor innervation
Axillary
Teres major innervation
Lower sub-scapular
Subscapularis innervation
Upper and lower sub-scapular
What runs in the quadrangular space
Axillary nerve
Post circumflex humeral artery
Clavipectoral/deltopectoral triangle- borders and contents
Deltoid, pec maj and clavicle
Cephalic vein
Innervation of pec maj
Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
Innervation of pec min
medial pectoral nerve
Innervation of serratus anterior
long thoracic
Innervation of subclavius
nerve to subclavius
Damage to long thoracic nerve results in what sign?
Winged scapula
Axilla borders
Med- upper thoracic wall, serr ant
Lateral- intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Anterior- pect maj and min, subclavius, clavipectoral fascia
Posterior- subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, long head triceps brachii
Contents of the neurovascular bundle that passes through the axilla?
Brachial plexus, axillary artery and vein, lymph
Neve supply to index finger palmar side
Median
Nerve supply to dorsum of hand caudal side
ulnar
What does the median cubital vein connect?
Basilic and cephalic veins
From where does the cephalic vein arise?
Dorsal veins of the hand
What does the basilic vein become in the arm when it pierces the deep fascia?
Axillary vein
Nerve to anterior compartment of arm
Musculocutaneous
Artery to anterior compartment of arm
Brachial
Posterior compartment of arm contents?
Triceps brachii
Triceps nerve supply
Radial
Triceps artery
Deep brachial
What structures run in the spiral groove of the humerus? Is this superior or inferior to teres major
Radial nerve and deep brachial artery
Inferior
Dislocation of the lunate bone may lead to compression of which nerve?
Median
Contents of cubital fossa
Biceps brachii tendon
Brachial artery
Median nerve
Flexor compartment is innervated by which nerve? Except?
Median, except flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus which are innervated by the ulnar nerve
What structures pass through the carpal tunnel?
Median nerve
Tendons of :
-flexor pollicis longus
-flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus
Extensor compartment of forearm is innervated by
Radial nerve
Hypothenar eminence nerve
Deep branch ulnar
Lumbricals nerve?
Medial 2 - deep ulnar
Lateral 2 - median digital branches
Interossei nerves
deep ulnar
Thenar eminence nerves
Median
Cubital fossa borders
Lat- brachioradialis
Med- pronator teres
Borders of anatomical snuff box
Ant- abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
Post- extensor pollicis longus
Which direction are most elbow dislocations?
Posterior
Elbow dislocation associated nerve injury?
Ulnar
Fracture of surgical neck of humerus injures which nerve?
Axillary
Fracture of humeral shaft injures which nerve
Radial (spiral groove. Wrist drop)
Supracondylar fracture of humerus injury to what?
Median nerve and brachial artery
Which carpal bone is most commonly dislocated?
Lunate
Ulnar nerve and artery run in what in the wrist?
Guyon’s canal
Ulnar nerve damage = what sign?
Ulnar claw
Colles fracture is where and results in what appearance of the wrist?
Distal radius
Dinner fork appearance
Most shoulder dislocations are in which direction?
Inferior
Shoulder is which dermatome?
C4
Damage to C5 and C6 is which palsy? What sign? How may it occur
Erb’s
Waiter’s tip
Stretching neck when baby delivered, or fall from a height onto neck
Damage to C8 T1 is which palsy?
What sign?
Klumpke’s
Claw hand as intrinsic hand muscles are paralysed
Pulling arm a lot
Klumpke’s palsy plus elbow pain=?
Cubital fossa syndrome
Wrist drop is a sign of?
Radial nerve palsy (injury in spiral groove)
Hand of benediction a sign of?
Median nerve injury at elbow
Difference between HoB and ulnar claw?
HoB only when try to make fist (can’t flex digits 1-3- median nerve) but ulnar claw = can’t flex median lumbricals (ulnar nerve)
Where are the trunks of the brachial plexus located?
Neck
Where are the cords of the brachial plexus located?
axilla
Where are the divisions of the brachial plexus located?
Clavicle
Root values of thoracodorsal nerve
C6-C8 (post)
Root values of Median nerve
C6-T1 (ant)
Root values of Axillary nerve
C5,C6 (posterior division)
Root values of long thoracic nerve
C5,C6,C7
Root values of medial pectoral
C8, T1
