Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AH extra cards > C&M term 2 > Flashcards

C&M term 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Root value femoral nerve

A

L2-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Root value obturator nerve

A

L2-L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Root value sciatic nerve

A

L4-S3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Internal iliac branches

A

Sup gluteal
Obturator
Inf gluteal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What passes through the adductor hiatus?

A

Femoral artery and vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What runs in the adductor canal?

A

Femoral artery, vein and branches of the femoral nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the femoral artery become after the adductor hiatus?

A

Popliteal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What branch of the popliteal artery pierces the interosseus membrane to run anteriorly?

A

Anterior tibial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where do the plantar arteries arise from?

A

Posterior tibial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do the dorsalis pedis arteries arise from?

A

Anterior tibial, contribution from perforating branch of the fibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Posterior thigh innervation

A

Sciatic- tibial division except BFSH is c fibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Innervation plantar muscles foot

A

All lateral plantar except FDB, FHB, AbH, 1st lumbrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Contents of pop foss

A 
Popliteal artery and vein
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve
Short saphenous vein
Lymph
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dorsalis pedis is felt where?

A

Lateral to EHL tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

PSIS what level?

A

S2 skin dimples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Level of bifurcation iliac arteries

A

S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Appearance of T1 MRI

A

white is right (skull)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is white in T2 mri?

A

Fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bone and air are what colours in a CT?

A

Bone white air black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Part of thalamus of auditory pathway?

A

MGN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Part of thalamus of DC pathway?

A

VPL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Part of thalamus of sensory from head pathway?

A

VPM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Part of thalamus of visual pathway?

A

LGN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Part of thalamus of ST pathway?

A

VPL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Conductive deafness Rinnes test result?

A

Bone cnduction is louder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Sensorineural deafness rinnes test result

A

Normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Conductive deafness Weber’s test result?

A

Damaged ear is loudest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Sensorineural deafness weber’s test result

A

Normal loudest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Normal hearing Rinne’s result

A

Air louder than bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Normal hearing Weber’s test result

A

Same each side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Frequency of speech?

A

3,000 Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Lower part of the face is bilateral/ipsilateral/contralateral

A

Contralateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Lateral medullary/wallenburg’s syndrome involves occlusion of which artery?

A

Post inf cerebellar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Autonomic dysreflexia is?

A

HTN in established spinal injury patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Maculae are made of?

A

Supporting cells surrounding hair cells that are innervated by utricular and saccular sensory nerve fubres. Hair cells have tufts of cilia that penetrate gelatinous otolithic membrane of CaCO3 crystals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Medial vestibular nucleus sgets information from what and goes to what?

A

From SSCs to MNs of neck/body to orientate head and stabilise retinal image (VO reflex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Where does the lateral vestibulat nucleus get info from and where does it go?

A

From utricle and saccule, goes to cerebellum and limb motor neurons to maintain upright body posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is Meniere’s syndrome

A

Pressure, earache, tinnitus and dizziness

Due to increased vol endolymph and rupturing of membranous labyrinth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo?

A

CaCO3 crystals dislodged from otolith

Illusion of movement and disorientation, dizziness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

\What is ototoxicity

A

damage to usually VC nerve from drugs/toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What do vestibular neuritis, brainstem carcinoma, infarction and haemorrhage all lead to?

A

Disrupted postural control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Where is a medulloblastoma, in whom does it occur and what symptoms?

A

Cerebellum, children

Postural instability as can’t use info from utricles and saccules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Rods features?

A

Low acuity, can see in dark, slow response, achromatic

44
Q

What is scotopic luminance?

A

Night time lighting- rods only

45
Q

What is mesopic luminance?

A

Twilight- both

46
Q

What is photopic luminance?

A

Daytime lighting- cones only

47
Q

What is an anomalous trichromat?

A

Alternative perception of colour

48
Q

What is a dichromat?

A

colour blind

49
Q

What is the name for normal vision

A

Trichromat

50
Q

What is the pigment in rod cells?

A

Rhodopsin

51
Q

Is neurotransmitter released in light or dark?

A

Dark

52
Q

3 types retinal ganglion cells

A

Magnocellular (M)
Parvocellular (P)
Non-M non-P type (K)

53
Q

What do M type ganglion cells detect?

A

Movement

54
Q

What do P type ganglion cells detect?

A

form and fine detail, colour

55
Q

What do K type ganglion cells detect?

A

Colour

56
Q

What is the most prevalent type of ganglion cell?

A

P type (90%)

57
Q

Meissner’s detects?

A

low freq vibration

58
Q

Merkel detects?

A

Small forms and shape

59
Q

Pacinian?

A

high freq vibration

60
Q

Ruffini

A

Pressure

61
Q

Which tactile receptors have a large receptive field?

A

Pacinian and Ruffini

62
Q

Posterior parietal damage =?

A

Neglect, asteroagnosia, R+L confusion

63
Q

Late pain is what type of fibre?

A

C

64
Q

First pain is?

A

Alpha delta

65
Q

Which modalities does Alpha delta fibres have

A

mechanical and thermal

66
Q

Where are nociceptor cell bodies?

A

DRG

67
Q

What do nociceptors travel up and down the spinal cord in before synapsing?

A

Zone of lissauer

68
Q

Where do nociceptors synapse?

A

Dorsal horm (superficial laminae- 1 and 2- subs gel)

69
Q

What is the neurotransmitter of nociceptors?

A

Glutamate

70
Q

In high stimuli what is released at synapses?

A

Substance P

71
Q

Where is perception of pain?

A

Thalamus

72
Q

Where does localisation of pain occur?

A

Cortex

73
Q

What is non painful stimulation fibre type?

A

Alpha beta

74
Q

What are the 4 types of pain?

A

Chronic or acute

Nociceptive or neuropathic

75
Q

Direct pathway of movement initiation involves which 4 structures

A

Cortex, striatum, GPi, thalamus (cortex again)

76
Q

Indirect pathway involves which 6 structures?

A

Cortex, striatum, GPe, subthalamus, GPi, Thalamus (cortex again)

77
Q

What is the role of substantia nigra and what does it release? where does it act?

A

Dopamine, acts on striatum

More initiation- excites direct pathway and inhibits indirect

78
Q

Hyperkinsea/chorea would be damage to what?

A

Subthalamus, or inhibitory fibres from striatum to GP

79
Q

function of the direct pathway?

A

facilitates wanted movement

80
Q

Function of indirect pathway?

A

Inhibits unwanted movement

81
Q

What lamina of the VGH do MNs synapse in?

A

9

82
Q

Muscle tone involves interaction between which two things?

A

Spindles and alpha motor neurons

83
Q

Is babinski sign U or L MN damage?

A

Upper

84
Q

2 types of spindle fibres and what type of fibres

A

Bag- 1a (dynamic)

Chain- 1a and 2 (static)

85
Q

What type of MN are spindle fibres innervated by?

A

gamma

86
Q

What MN type is responsible for tension generation

A

alpha

87
Q

Fibre type in golgi tendons

A

1b

88
Q

What do golgi and spindle detect?

A

Golgi tension

Spindle stretch

89
Q

Why do spindle need motor innervation

A

They adjust length in response to alpha

90
Q

What does the myotatic stretch reflex involve?

A

Tap muscle tendon, 1a afferent synapses with alpha motor neuron in SC, homonymous muscle contracts
Also inhibition of antagonising muscle through interneuron

91
Q

What does the inverse myotatic reflex involve?

A

Increased firing in 1b afferent
Inhibition via inhibitory neuron in SC
Alpha motor neuron- inhibition of homonymous muscle
(protective)

92
Q

What does the crossed extensor/flexor withdrawal reflex involve?

A

Increased activity in alpha delta and C afferents
Ipsilateral flexors and contralateral extensors excitred
Ipsilateral extensors and contralateral flexors inhibited

93
Q

Which reflex involves a change in muscle tension?

A

Inverse myotatic

94
Q

Vestibulocerebellum function

A

Balance, constancy of visual fields

95
Q

Spinocerebellum function

A

Posture and locomotion

96
Q

Cerebrocerebellar function

A

Fine skilled movements of hands

97
Q

What is the vestibulospinal pathway involved in? what nucleus?

A

Posture

Vestibular nucleus

98
Q

What is the reticulospinal pathway involved in? Where in brain?

A

Voluntary movement, breathing, consciousness

Brainstem reticular formation

99
Q

What is the rubrospinal pathway involved in? What nucleus?

A

Muscle tone

Red nucleus

100
Q

What runs in the spinocerebellar tract?

Is this ipsilateral or contra?

A

Proprioception and other sensory informationfrom spinal cord (from spindles and golgi) into cerebellum (knows what muscles are currently doing) via ICP into spinocerebellum
Ipsilateral

101
Q

What does the cerebrocerebellum recieve input from?

Is this ipsi or contralateral

A

What muscles are about to do- motor cortex via pontine nuclei (MCP)
-inferior olivary nucleus (ICP)
CONTRALATERAL

102
Q

What is the output of the cerebellum?

Contra or ipsi?

A 
To:
Motor cortex via thalamus
Reticular nuclei
Red nucleus
This crosses the midline (but recrosses when motor fibres cross at medullary pyramids so ipsilateral overall)
103
Q

What is truncal ataxia\;

A

Inability to sit or stand without falling over
Vestibulocerebellar lesion, midline
Medulloblastoma

104
Q

What is gait ataxia?

A

Lower limbs affected- gait staggering
Spinocerebellar lesion
Alcoholics

105
Q

Cerebrocerebellar lesion =?

A 
Intention tremor
Past pointing
adiadochokinesis
dysarthria
nystagmus
106
Q

what is an output out of the ICP?

A

Efferents to neck and eye lower motor neurons

AH extra cards (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions