Immunotherapies

Question 1

3 immune stimulators

Answer 1

1. G-CSF/GM-CSF
2. IL-2
3. alpha, beta, gamma interferons

Question 2

Action of G/GM-CSF

Answer 2

Stimulates bone marrow to produce mature neutrophils

Question 3

Action of IL-2

Answer 3

T cell activation

Question 4

What are interferons used to treat?

Answer 4

Alpha= hep C
Beta= MS
Gamma= intracellular infection, chronic granulomatous disease, IL-12 deficiency

Question 5

3 main types immunosuppression

Answer 5

Corticosteroids
Lymphocyte targeting
DMARDS

Question 6

7 actions of corticosteroids

Answer 6

1. margination of neutrophils
2. decrease cytokines
3. lymphopenia
4. toxic to t cells
5. inhibit phospholipase A2
6. Decreased T cell proliferation
7. Ig production decreased

Question 7

4 uses of corticosteroids

Answer 7

Allograft, autoimmune, inflammatory, malignancies

Question 8

5 side effects of corticosteroids

Answer 8

Diabetes and hyperlipidaemia
Decreased protein synthesis (wound repair worse)
OSteoporosis
Glaucoma and cataracts
Psychiatric

Question 9

4 types of lymphocyte targeting therapies

Answer 9

Antimetabolites/cytotoxic
Calcineurin inhibitors
m-TOR inhibitors
IL-2 receptor mABs

Question 10

Action of antimetabolites

Answer 10

Inhibit purine synthesis so B and T cells inhibited

Question 11

Uses of antimetabolites

Answer 11

Allograft and autoimmune

Question 12

Side effects of antimetabolites

Answer 12

BM suppression
Gastric upset
Hepatitis
Infection

Question 13

What does calcineurin do?

Answer 13

Activates T cells

Question 14

Action of mTOR inhibitors

Answer 14

Inhibit response to IL2 –> T cell cycle arrest

Question 15

Name of mTOR inhibitor

Answer 15

Sirolimus/rapamycin

Question 16

Uses of mTOR and calc inhibitors

Answer 16

TRansplant and autoimmune

Question 17

Side effects of mTOR and calc inhibitors (8)

Answer 17

HTN
Hirtuism
Nephrotoxic
Hepatotoxic
Lyphomas
Infection
NEurotoxic
Drug interaction

Question 18

5 types DMARDs

Answer 18

Anticytokines
Rituximab
Anti T cell
Anti adhesion
Anti complement

Question 19

Uses of anticytokines

Answer 19

RA, AOSD, Crohns, psoriasis

Question 20

Side effects of anticytokines

Answer 20

TB, serum lipid control

Question 21

3 types of anticytokines

Answer 21

Anti: TNF, IL-1, IL-6

Question 22

Action of Rituximab

Answer 22

Against CD20 on B cells

Question 23

Uses of Rituximab

Answer 23

Autoimmune, allograft, leukaemia, lymphoma

Question 24

What are immunomodulators used for?

Answer 24

Allergies

Question 25

5 types immunomodulators?

Answer 25

Steroids
Immune suppressants
Allergen specific immunotherapy
Anti IgE monoclonal therapy
Anti IL-5 monoclonal therapy

Question 26

Why would you use allergen specific immunodeficiency

Answer 26

Anaphylaxis to insects

Uncontrollable rhino-conjunctivitis

Question 27

Action of allergen specific immunodeficiency

Answer 27

Immune response switched from Th2 –> Th1

Question 28

Side effect of allergen specific immunodeficiency

Answer 28

Allergic reaction

Question 29

e.g. of Anti IgE therapy

Answer 29

Omalizumab

Question 30

Omalizumab use

Answer 30

Asthma, urticaria, angioedema

Question 31

Omalizumab side effect

Answer 31

Anaphylaxis

Question 32

Name of anti IL-5 therapy

Answer 32

mepolizumab

Question 33

mepolizumab action

Answer 33

Inhibits eosinophils