Immunotherapies Flashcards
3 immune stimulators
- G-CSF/GM-CSF
- IL-2
- alpha, beta, gamma interferons
Action of G/GM-CSF
Stimulates bone marrow to produce mature neutrophils
Action of IL-2
T cell activation
What are interferons used to treat?
Alpha= hep C Beta= MS Gamma= intracellular infection, chronic granulomatous disease, IL-12 deficiency
3 main types immunosuppression
Corticosteroids
Lymphocyte targeting
DMARDS
7 actions of corticosteroids
- margination of neutrophils
- decrease cytokines
- lymphopenia
- toxic to t cells
- inhibit phospholipase A2
- Decreased T cell proliferation
- Ig production decreased
4 uses of corticosteroids
Allograft, autoimmune, inflammatory, malignancies
5 side effects of corticosteroids
Diabetes and hyperlipidaemia Decreased protein synthesis (wound repair worse) OSteoporosis Glaucoma and cataracts Psychiatric
4 types of lymphocyte targeting therapies
Antimetabolites/cytotoxic
Calcineurin inhibitors
m-TOR inhibitors
IL-2 receptor mABs
Action of antimetabolites
Inhibit purine synthesis so B and T cells inhibited
Uses of antimetabolites
Allograft and autoimmune
Side effects of antimetabolites
BM suppression
Gastric upset
Hepatitis
Infection
What does calcineurin do?
Activates T cells
Action of mTOR inhibitors
Inhibit response to IL2 –> T cell cycle arrest
Name of mTOR inhibitor
Sirolimus/rapamycin
Uses of mTOR and calc inhibitors
TRansplant and autoimmune
Side effects of mTOR and calc inhibitors (8)
HTN Hirtuism Nephrotoxic Hepatotoxic Lyphomas Infection NEurotoxic Drug interaction
5 types DMARDs
Anticytokines Rituximab Anti T cell Anti adhesion Anti complement
Uses of anticytokines
RA, AOSD, Crohns, psoriasis
Side effects of anticytokines
TB, serum lipid control
3 types of anticytokines
Anti: TNF, IL-1, IL-6
Action of Rituximab
Against CD20 on B cells
Uses of Rituximab
Autoimmune, allograft, leukaemia, lymphoma
What are immunomodulators used for?
Allergies
5 types immunomodulators?
Steroids Immune suppressants Allergen specific immunotherapy Anti IgE monoclonal therapy Anti IL-5 monoclonal therapy
Why would you use allergen specific immunodeficiency
Anaphylaxis to insects
Uncontrollable rhino-conjunctivitis
Action of allergen specific immunodeficiency
Immune response switched from Th2 –> Th1
Side effect of allergen specific immunodeficiency
Allergic reaction
e.g. of Anti IgE therapy
Omalizumab
Omalizumab use
Asthma, urticaria, angioedema
Omalizumab side effect
Anaphylaxis
Name of anti IL-5 therapy
mepolizumab
mepolizumab action
Inhibits eosinophils
