respiratory part 5

Question 1

Blood in the airways during exercise

cause?

predispoing factor?

Life threatening?

Answer 1

Exercise-induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH)

Intense training and exertion

racehorses

yes

Question 2

broken due to intense pressure and exercise

Blood in the airways after exercise
Push out the PCM
Capillary stress failure
Inflammatory reaction
Burst towards alveoli (electron microscope)

Answer 2

Pulmonary capillary membrane

Question 3

Some do not show epistaxis unless severe
Some show when they are recovered (small streaks blood coming out of the nose) t/f

Answer 3

t

Question 4

thickened walls and interstitia in lungs → lungs cannot expand as much → less air perfusion going in and out of lungs → less ability to breathe
= tell the owner and breeder that the horse is not for exercise

Answer 4

Lung fibrosis:

Question 5

high intensity exercise –> high ___ pressure

Answer 5

High pulmonary venous pressure (

Question 6

flecks or narrow streams what grade?

Answer 6

1

Question 7

long streams <1/3 circ what grade?

Answer 7

2

Question 8

multiple streams >90% tracheal surface what grade?

Answer 8

4 (streams coalesce, form one big stream → one big clot more severe than streaks)

Question 9

multiple streams ?1/3 circ

Answer 9

3 (w/o blood pooling)

Question 10

Check on the efficiency of lungs lobes; to check which lobes are more predisposed with EIPH
If it is an issue with airway flow

Answer 10

Pulmonary Function Testing

Question 11

Check contents of exudate missed by endoscope
Blood, bacteria, antigen (allergen)

this can also be done in EIPH

Answer 11

Bronchoalveolar lavage

necropsy

Question 12

treatment for ongoing EIPH infexn

Inflamma rxn or disease:

+ 2 IV lines direct sa ____ vein for rehydration

____packs on nose or body

___suppplementation

Answer 12

Tranexamic acid: 5-25 mg/kg PO 10mg/kg IV if ongoing or more to effect

NSAIDs or corticosteroids that is injectable

jugular

cold

oxygen

Question 13

prevention for EIPH

give this 4hrs pre exerxise

also give to ongoing infecn t/f

Answer 13

Furosemide: 0.5-1 mg/kg IV
- Prevents EIPH by reducing overall bp in horse
Given pre-race; 3-4 hrs pre-exercise
Lower overall water content of horse’s body → lower chance of pressure buildu

f- Do not give on an ongoing case of EIPH
Bleeding and dehydration
Too much dose: no energy to work/run

Question 14

antibiotics for equines
Bacteriostatic

ECSTaTiC

Answer 14

erythro
clinda
sulfo
trimetop
tetracyc
chloram

Question 15

bacteriocidal
VPFCCM

Answer 15

vanco
penici
fluoroquino
cephalos
carbapenem
metronid

Question 16

most commonly used
Streptococcal infections (strangles), flu, respiratory diseases

Answer 16

Penicillins
Procaine or Benzyl penicillin
22,000 IU/kg (22 mg/kg) q6-12h

Question 17

3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotic
Very strong drug
Allergy test first because some horses can have allergy

Answer 17

Ceftiofur
2.2-4.4 mg/kg q12-24h (10 mg/kg IV q6h)

Question 18

Anaerobic coverage
Broad spectrum
DO NOT GIVE IV - FATAL

Answer 18

doxy

Question 19

Avoid giving IM: nakakasunog ng muscles of horses
Pigs and ruminants usually no problem
More careful in horses

Answer 19

enrofloxacin7.5 mg/kg q24h PO or SLOW IV

Question 20

Avoid giving IM: nakakasunog ng muscles of horses
Pigs and ruminants usually no problem
More careful in horses

Answer 20

enrofloxacin7.5 mg/kg q24h PO or SLOW IV

Question 21

GIT infections
Excellent anaerobic activity

Answer 21

Metronidazole

25 mg/kg q12h PO

Question 22

Eye drops
Mild topical skin infections
Avoid large doses oral or injected = nephrotoxic (common boards question)

Answer 22

Aminoglycosides

Question 23

Used only when penicillin does not work
Works within a week
Recovery within 5-7 days even intense infections wherein it reached the lungs (based on Doc experience)

Answer 23

ceftiofur

Question 24

Can be used with horses with slight renal failure
Distributes well in urinary and peritoneal parts of the body

Answer 24

doxy 10 mg/kg q12h

Question 25

Synergistic with aminoglycosides and beta lactams
Avoid giving aminoglycosides in horses
Large doses: nephrotoxic

Answer 25

Enrofloxacin
7.5 mg/kg q24h PO or SLOW IV

Question 26

Synergistic with aminoglycosides and beta lactams
Avoid giving aminoglycosides in horses
Large doses: nephrotoxic

Answer 26

Enrofloxacin
7.5 mg/kg q24h PO or SLOW IV