respiratory part 2 Flashcards
predisposed breed + line of work of horses
thoroughbred
racing
most used imaging technique due to its direct visualization
Endoscopy (Most used)
Fibre-optic scope
if no clinical signs at rest, need to induce
labored breathing
If the ff shows, perform endoscopy (RRFN)
Respi noise or sound
Resp distress
Facial swelling
Nasal discharge
prevent food going sa airway
epiglottis (Check pic)
left laryngeal hemiplegia is also known as
where there is ___ and a sound that sounds like?
(recurrent laryngeal neuropathy
larngeal paralysis, “roaring”
*inflamed, broken down larynx
*roar: associated immediately to hemiplegia
affected nerve in LLH if hindi dahil sa genetics
5% of the time right ang affected t/f
do not abduct properly, what muscle?
left larnyg n.
t (95% ang left)
Artyneoid m
LLH affects various age and the cause is currentlt unknown t/f
t
Full abduction of the arytenoid cartilages during inspiration
what grade?
Held at the resting position, abduction, What grade?
1
3
Collapse into the contralateral half of the ruma glottidis during inspiration, what grade?
Partial abduction of the affected arytenoid cartilage (b/w full and the resting position) , what grade?
4
2
treatment for LLH is laryngoplasty or?
can do standing surg, t or f?
perform this if the grade of LLH is?
tie back method
t (Downside - prone to dumi, irritants, problematic particles)
3 or 4
A laryngeal prosthesis fixes the arytenoid cartilage. What procedure?
Removal or cut away of laryngeal ventricle and vocal cord. what procedure?
laryngoplasty
Ventriculocordectomy
aka Hobday operation
Ventriculocordectomy
Can be done simultaneously ang laryngo and ventriculocordectomy kahit standing surg. t/f?
f - fully anesthetized dapat
Laryngeal reinnervation of the CAD (cricoarytenoideus dorsalis) muscle (move one of the nerves from right to left) . What procedure?
Nerve implantation
steps?
1.Aryepiglottic folds finofold?
2.Remove ventricles and folds
3. Get the nerve sa taas, ibaba?
*Have reinforcing steel yung sutures
Permanently abducted
Loose aryepiglottic folds & mucosa displace dorsally
Ventral and bottom
predisposing factors: (2)
EE: Epiglottic entrapment
*unknown cause
Breed: throughbreds/racehorses
Age: varies greatly
both LLH and EE have unknown causes but have racehorses and thorough bred as predispoingfactprs. t/f
in DDSP, working horses are commonly affected. t/f
t
f - racehorses din
what are the top2 medications used for EE
Flunixin
Phenylbutazone
anti-inflammatories also given for inflam and anaphylaxis
if EE is recurrent, what will form? (2)
forms fibrous tissue and ulceration
2 best srugical pricedure for EE
Remove the entire entrapping tissue
Need recumbent
Performed laparoscopically
what procedure?
Laryngotomy
bistoury transection
complete exicision
Slice entraping mucosa by using 2 instruments for EE
Equine epiglottic scalpel
Or using 02 laser,
recurrence rate of EE
5-7%
EE can be performed in standing surgery just like in LLH t/f
f - need knock down (Full anesth)
what does DDSP stands for?
Dorsal displacement of the soft palate
Airway obstruction!
Gurgling noise
Silent displacers
whats the diagnosis?
DDSP
in DDSP, how many are silent displacers? (in %)
10-20
clinical signs of DDSP
dysphagia, serous discharge on mouth or nose, exercise intolerance,
*intermittent
best tx for DDSP
Staphylectomy
laser/cautery assissted
+NSAIDs or systemic med
Surgical repositioning of the larynx
+ Myectomies
Opposite of tie back
Larnygeal tie-forwards
in laryngeal tie forwards, how long?/thick? is the muscle removed?
2-4 inches
a tx pre race for DDSP
Tongue tie
Conservative tx
Sometimes work , sometimes hindi
Run on treadmills
Breathers are attached and measured
FOM
Measure how air goes in and out of lungs, bronchi, trachea
pulmonary fxn test
Get sample
If bacterial, viral
Inflamed, full of eosinophil
Allergic sa hay isang horses
Samples from upper resp tract or nasal areas
Transtracheal washes
Getting arterial blood sample
blood collection site
(Ancillary diagnostic test)
-Arterial pH
Blood gas analysis
PCO2
temporal artery
Feel for the pulse
Perpendicular to the face
