genito urinary problems pt. 1

Question 1

ideal conformation of vulva

Answer 1

vertical

Question 2

Vulval lips open and suck in air

tx?

Answer 2

pneumovagina

Caslick’s Procedure/Vulvoplasty

Question 3

caslick index is

Question 4

caslick index is 100-150. grade is 2. caslick procedure should be done. t/f

Answer 4

F - optional only

Question 5

caslick index is < or = to 100. what is the grade?

how about CI of > or = 150? is caslick recommended? t/f

Answer 5

1

3. yes/T

Question 6

right separation of rectum and vagina

Answer 6

RECTOVAGINA FISTULA - hole connecting the rectum to vagina

Question 7

post op for caslick/pneumovagina

complication?

Answer 7

antibiotics, cleaning

mating/foaling
Caslick can be removed when being mated
Multiple caslicks/operations over time = fibrous tissue
Competence is crucial

Question 8

tx for retained placenta (common phenomenon)

if ignored it can be ___

prognosis?

Answer 8

Removal
Dilatation & Curettage of the Uterus
-Dilate with clean fluid and clean the inside
“Raspa” equivalent in humans

fatal (infexn, bleeding, inflam)

good

Question 9

retained placenta: for general uterine cleaning

post op tx: (APOF)

Answer 9

D & C (Dilation and Curettage)

Antibiotics
Progesterone
-lutalyse
Oxytocin
fluids/ supplement

Question 10

flush retained placenta with:

Answer 10

NSS with betadine, sterile water with betadine, sterile salt (1.5 L sterilized container)

Question 11

type of placenta in mares

Answer 11

Diffuse placenta
Reddish and sticky uterus

Question 12

dystocia in equids is not always an emergency. t/f

labor stages: (3 stages)

ideal conformation of foals:

Answer 12

f - ALWAYS

1st: foal rotates
2nd : foal born
3rd - f. Membrane expulsion

limbs extended forward (dinemonstrate ni doc)

Question 13

twinning is rare in horses but has a good overall prognosis. t/f

Answer 13

f - poor prog

Question 14

2 aims of equine parturition

Answer 14

1. unassisted foaling
2. deliver foal with minimal trauma (dystocia)

Question 15

factors in dystocia in mares (AFM)

Answer 15

Abnormal fetal position
Fetal defects
- Oversize
- Malformation
Maternal factors
-Uterine inertia
-Disease/defect

Question 16

Abnormal position in foals

Answer 16

Carpal flex
Shoulder flex
Ventral transverse
Ventral retroflexion
Posterior Presentation

Question 17

in manual dystocia tx, what are the 3 ways you should do?

Answer 17

Disinfect
Lubricate
Manipulate

Question 18

chemical (dystocia tx) help is done when manual does not work. what are the 3 ways?

Answer 18

↑ Contractions
Dose:
20 IU IM (contraction alone)
40-60 IU IM - para magfoal
(should start foaling)
100 IU IM (last chance para malabas)

Fluids
Calcium-for muscle contraction
IV line inserted in both jugular veins with high/full flow drip with electrolytes and Ca+

Question 19

in surgical tx what are the three ways?

Answer 19

Anesthetize
Lift
Reposition

Question 20

Chorioallantois (covering of foal) did not break properly → bleed around amniotic sac around uterus → suffocation from fluid with blood / pressing on the foal → other conditions: internal bleeding, inflammation → immediate foaling dapat (CS)
-Worst forms of dystocia

Answer 20

Red Vulva / Red Band Dystocia

Question 21

what to do if the dystocia has no impvt?

mare is more impt than the foal. t/f?

Answer 21

Caesarean section
* Facility & staff available
* Full Anesthesia
* Complex* Operation

t

Question 22

testicular problem tx + problems

general injury tx:

Balanoposthitis tx:

Answer 22

castration
-Torsion
-Cryptorchid

Tx: Clean,
disinfect, stitch,
medicate,
educate

anti-inflamm

Question 23

what are the 3S? (treatment regimen)

Answer 23

Symptomatic
Specific
Supportive

Question 24

most common cause of poor fertility
Causes: hormonal, bad nutrition, conformation etc.

what is the most common cause of the ans above?

Answer 24

endometritis

pneumovagina

Question 25

normal time in Retained fetal placenta

Rfp time

Answer 25

~ 1 ½ hours

3+ hours

Question 26

Common = inflamed scrotum
Hematoma, cryptorchid

tx?

Answer 26

orchitis

NSAID
surgery