respiratory part 1 Flashcards
horses have more developed hard palate and soft palate wherein the Air is directly on the nasal airways. t/f
Horses cannot breathe thru the mouth except in emergency cases t/f
t
f- even in
BOAS/BAOS, what does this stand for?
Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome
chief complaints include abnormal breathing patterns. give the 5(CSLVN)
coughing,
Sneezing
Lost of increased chest resonance
Vocal changes
Nasal discharge
approach to resp dz:
Inspiratory, respiratory noise
Rate and pattern
what is this procedure?
distance observation
approach to resp dz:
abdominal effort, pectoral edema, sinuses: pharyngeal area
what is this procedure?
physical examination
imaging techniques used in resp dz (3)
two examples of Pulmonary Fuxn tests
Endoscopy
CT, MRI
Treadunk exercise test
Blood gas analysis
Further diagnostics examples
viral labs, cytology, gutturral pouch lavage - medicine, sx, management
5 things to consider in checking the history (SADOI)
Involvement of individual or multiple animals
Onset (slow progressive to per acute)
Duration
Seasonality
Association with time of feeding
5 more things to consider in checking the history (HARPO)
Outdoor environments (dust, toxins)
Hygiene of the indoor environment
Anthelmintics
Recent travel/transport
Previous meds/tx and response
in chief complaints know how to differentiate Exercise intolerance vs airway obstruction t/f
t
4 specific things to check during distance examination (BBHS)
Breathing pattern
Breathing sounds
-More thoracic, more abdominal
Head position
Sweat intensity
*overproduction of sweat
head position in distance examination is considerd a non reliable indicator t/f
f - good indicator daw siya
*Filled with mucus - heads down –> slightly tired
if the horse is downed from exhaustion, this is still not considered an emergency t/f
what can we do during this time?
f - broken limbs, sumasabog na ang lungs, hemorrhage
ice bag, pack all over the body
IV agad, if 2 pwede
Flared nostrils of horse means
you can also check for airflow if there is (equal/obstruction)
increased effort
loud exhales
what are the findings you can observe on the horse nostrils? (2)
1) nasal exudates: color, consistency, pattern
Bloody, viscous
2) Tumors or masses
skin : hyperplasia → cauterize
Warts
check the horse’s mouth and nose for
check the horse’s breathing if it is __ or ____
check for the color of
odor (bacterial smell)\
coughing or sneezing
nasal and oral MM
most often check LN because it is easy to palpate
if it is inflamed, most like these are forming/formed
Submandibular
abscess
take note of the sinuses, check pic
reminder only haha
If bleeding from nose → also go to ___through the thin bone layers
sinuses
*Weigh heavily → head down
*Abscess can affect eyes
what is the procedure where you can use instruments or personnel aid if needed for checking the sinuses?
percuss
*symmetry, resonance
Severe infexn in sinuses
inflamed sinuses means
light touch mainit na
there is PAIN
very prominent in horses
atlas
Palpate the ____aspect of the larynx on both sides: directly behind ____mms, ventral to wings of ____
dorsal
buccal
atlas
*Note asymmetry, pain, gag rxns, or muscle atrophy
this can be palpated in the trachea or look for fluids
hand is __ of the trachea
phlegm
1/8
*Auscultate for any abnormal sounds
Case: lung clear but meron sa trachea
lungs: horses have __ pairs of ribs
Lungs can reach until the 15th rib t/f
Can expand during vigorous exercise
18
f - 18th rib
normal lung sounds where it is Generated in the large airways
normal lung sounds Generated in large airways but heard peripherally after auscultation through aerated parenchyma
Bronchial
vesicular
Lung sounds louder, because sounds carried more efficiently
Both lung and heart sounds will sound quieter because there’s air surrounding the lungs
Lower airway obstruction
Consolidated areas
Pneumothorax
Increased expiratory sounds
Lung sounds quieter, but heart sounds louder
Extra thoracic or large airway obstruction
crackles, wheezes
Pleural effusion
Increased inspiratory sounds
Other abnormal sounds
Examine patency and filling
hydration status, skin turgor
a horse’s jugular vein is a good indicator of the animal’s general health t/f
jugular vein
t
Distention or ____of the jugular veins may indicate obstruction of blood flow to the heart
Severe findings of jugular vein
pulsation
Venous jugular aneurysm
- bulging w/o occluding
some findings in physical examination od ventral thorax and abdomen
common complication
Edema
pleural effusion (inhibit blood flow from the ventrum of the thorax, leading to ventral edema)
laminitis (due to diet, bad teeth)
