respiratory part 1

Question 1

horses have more developed hard palate and soft palate wherein the Air is directly on the nasal airways. t/f

Horses cannot breathe thru the mouth except in emergency cases t/f

Answer 1

t

f- even in

Question 2

BOAS/BAOS, what does this stand for?

Answer 2

Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome

Question 3

chief complaints include abnormal breathing patterns. give the 5(CSLVN)

Answer 3

coughing,
Sneezing
Lost of increased chest resonance
Vocal changes
Nasal discharge

Question 4

approach to resp dz:

Inspiratory, respiratory noise
Rate and pattern

what is this procedure?

Answer 4

distance observation

Question 5

approach to resp dz:

abdominal effort, pectoral edema, sinuses: pharyngeal area

what is this procedure?

Answer 5

physical examination

Question 6

imaging techniques used in resp dz (3)

two examples of Pulmonary Fuxn tests

Answer 6

Endoscopy
CT, MRI

Treadunk exercise test
Blood gas analysis

Question 7

Further diagnostics examples

Answer 7

viral labs, cytology, gutturral pouch lavage - medicine, sx, management

Question 8

5 things to consider in checking the history (SADOI)

Answer 8

Involvement of individual or multiple animals
Onset (slow progressive to per acute)
Duration
Seasonality
Association with time of feeding

Question 9

5 more things to consider in checking the history (HARPO)

Answer 9

Outdoor environments (dust, toxins)
Hygiene of the indoor environment
Anthelmintics
Recent travel/transport
Previous meds/tx and response

Question 10

in chief complaints know how to differentiate Exercise intolerance vs airway obstruction t/f

Answer 10

t

Question 11

4 specific things to check during distance examination (BBHS)

Answer 11

Breathing pattern
Breathing sounds
-More thoracic, more abdominal
Head position
Sweat intensity
*overproduction of sweat

Question 12

head position in distance examination is considerd a non reliable indicator t/f

Answer 12

f - good indicator daw siya
*Filled with mucus - heads down –> slightly tired

Question 13

if the horse is downed from exhaustion, this is still not considered an emergency t/f

what can we do during this time?

Answer 13

f - broken limbs, sumasabog na ang lungs, hemorrhage

ice bag, pack all over the body
IV agad, if 2 pwede

Question 14

Flared nostrils of horse means

you can also check for airflow if there is (equal/obstruction)

Answer 14

increased effort

loud exhales

Question 15

what are the findings you can observe on the horse nostrils? (2)

Answer 15

1) nasal exudates: color, consistency, pattern
Bloody, viscous

2) Tumors or masses
skin : hyperplasia → cauterize
Warts

Question 16

check the horse’s mouth and nose for

check the horse’s breathing if it is __ or ____

check for the color of

Answer 16

odor (bacterial smell)\

coughing or sneezing

nasal and oral MM

Question 17

most often check LN because it is easy to palpate

if it is inflamed, most like these are forming/formed

Answer 17

Submandibular

abscess

Question 18

take note of the sinuses, check pic

Answer 18

reminder only haha

Question 19

If bleeding from nose → also go to ___through the thin bone layers

Answer 19

sinuses
*Weigh heavily → head down
*Abscess can affect eyes

Question 20

what is the procedure where you can use instruments or personnel aid if needed for checking the sinuses?

Answer 20

percuss
*symmetry, resonance

Question 21

Severe infexn in sinuses

inflamed sinuses means

Answer 21

light touch mainit na

there is PAIN

Question 22

very prominent in horses

Answer 22

atlas

Question 23

Palpate the ____aspect of the larynx on both sides: directly behind ____mms, ventral to wings of ____

Answer 23

dorsal

buccal

atlas

*Note asymmetry, pain, gag rxns, or muscle atrophy

Question 24

this can be palpated in the trachea or look for fluids

hand is __ of the trachea

Answer 24

phlegm

1/8

*Auscultate for any abnormal sounds
Case: lung clear but meron sa trachea

Question 25

lungs: horses have __ pairs of ribs

Lungs can reach until the 15th rib t/f
Can expand during vigorous exercise

Answer 25

18

f - 18th rib

Question 26

normal lung sounds where it is Generated in the large airways

normal lung sounds Generated in large airways but heard peripherally after auscultation through aerated parenchyma

Answer 26

Bronchial

vesicular

Question 27

Lung sounds louder, because sounds carried more efficiently

Both lung and heart sounds will sound quieter because there’s air surrounding the lungs

Lower airway obstruction

Answer 27

Consolidated areas

Pneumothorax

Increased expiratory sounds

Question 28

Lung sounds quieter, but heart sounds louder

Extra thoracic or large airway obstruction

crackles, wheezes

Answer 28

Pleural effusion

Increased inspiratory sounds

Other abnormal sounds

Question 29

Examine patency and filling
hydration status, skin turgor

a horse’s jugular vein is a good indicator of the animal’s general health t/f

Answer 29

jugular vein

t

Question 30

Distention or ____of the jugular veins may indicate obstruction of blood flow to the heart

Severe findings of jugular vein

Answer 30

pulsation

Venous jugular aneurysm
- bulging w/o occluding

Question 31

some findings in physical examination od ventral thorax and abdomen

common complication

Answer 31

Edema
pleural effusion (inhibit blood flow from the ventrum of the thorax, leading to ventral edema)

laminitis (due to diet, bad teeth)