Respiratory lecture #2 Flashcards
5 parts to the respiratory pump?
Which one is the ONLY active one?
Peripheral nerves
Pleura
Muscles ( active )
Bones
Airways
To inhale what must the pressures be
Alveolar pressure less than Barometric
On inspiration, what volume increases first?
then what follows?
Intrapleural space volume increases first then the lung volume increases
What happens when intra thoracic space decreases below barometric space?
Residual gas in the intrathoracic or pleural space is evacuated and intrathoracic pressure drops below barometric pressure, air rushes into the “ balloon” and it expands
what muscles pull ribs up and out on inspiration
External intercostal muscles
What are peripheral nerves for ventilation in
Diaphram?
intercostal muscles?
abdominal muscles?
C3, C4, C5 - diaphragm
Thoracic - intercostal muscles
Thoracic, lumbar- Abdominal
2 compartments for respiration
Chest wall and lungs
What part is elastic in the chest like a balloon?
What part is resistant in chest like tennis ball?
elastic- lung
resistant- chest wall
Chest wall resists being pushed in.
What does this mean
DOes not like to be pushed in passed resting
so breathing out hard it resist
What does the lung elastic resist?
Does not like to expand beyond normal
So taking bigger breath resists
In pneumothorax what happens to the pressures?
Intraalveolar pressure = barometric pressure
it is supposed to be less.
air goes into plural space-collapse lung
How do the other alveoli get inflated?
Expanding of peripheral alveoli
“pulls” on deeper alveoli to expand
What is it called when Expanding of peripheral alveoli “pulls” on deeper alveoli to expand
Interdependence Principle
also stops alveolar collapse
What is it called when alveolar collapse
Atelectesis
To move gas into the lung, respiratory muscles overcome:
Elastic recoil of the lung
Resistance to airflow in the airways
The lung behaves like a true balloon by
Pressure volume curve
difference between lung inflation
and deflation curves
Hysteresis
equals the change in lung vol per unit change in pressure
(slope of the line at any point)
Compliance
how much the lungs and chest expand
so as the amount of air in lungs increases then pressure inside increases
Steep line at residual capacity middle graph =
Low at total lung capacity (top of graph)=
= high compliance
= low compliance
If lung volume increase compliance?
Compliance decreases
compliance is higher at FRC than TLC,
so low pressure at residual than total lung capacity
Total lung capacity– full breath in, so pressure is high and compliance is?
F residual capacity- after inspiration what is left. so low pressure in lung but compliance is?
TLC= high pressure low compliance
FRC= low pressure high compliance
Obstructive Disease Emphysema
compliance & elasticity
decrease elasticity
high compliance
Restrictive Disease Fibrosis
elasticity and compliance
Increased elasticity and low compliance
