Respiratory lecture #2

Question 1

5 parts to the respiratory pump?
Which one is the ONLY active one?

Answer 1

Peripheral nerves
Pleura
Muscles ( active )
Bones
Airways

Question 2

To inhale what must the pressures be

Answer 2

Alveolar pressure less than Barometric

Question 3

On inspiration, what volume increases first?
then what follows?

Answer 3

Intrapleural space volume increases first then the lung volume increases

Question 4

What happens when intra thoracic space decreases below barometric space?

Answer 4

Residual gas in the intrathoracic or pleural space is evacuated and intrathoracic pressure drops below barometric pressure, air rushes into the “ balloon” and it expands

Question 5

what muscles pull ribs up and out on inspiration

Answer 5

External intercostal muscles

Question 6

What are peripheral nerves for ventilation in
Diaphram?
intercostal muscles?
abdominal muscles?

Answer 6

C3, C4, C5 - diaphragm
Thoracic - intercostal muscles
Thoracic, lumbar- Abdominal

Question 7

2 compartments for respiration

Answer 7

Chest wall and lungs

Question 8

What part is elastic in the chest like a balloon?
What part is resistant in chest like tennis ball?

Answer 8

elastic- lung

resistant- chest wall

Question 9

Chest wall resists being pushed in.
What does this mean

Answer 9

DOes not like to be pushed in passed resting
so breathing out hard it resist

Question 10

What does the lung elastic resist?

Answer 10

Does not like to expand beyond normal
So taking bigger breath resists

Question 11

In pneumothorax what happens to the pressures?

Answer 11

Intraalveolar pressure = barometric pressure
it is supposed to be less.
air goes into plural space-collapse lung

Question 12

How do the other alveoli get inflated?

Answer 12

Expanding of peripheral alveoli
“pulls” on deeper alveoli to expand

Question 13

What is it called when Expanding of peripheral alveoli “pulls” on deeper alveoli to expand

Answer 13

Interdependence Principle

also stops alveolar collapse

Question 14

What is it called when alveolar collapse

Answer 14

Atelectesis

Question 15

To move gas into the lung, respiratory muscles overcome:

Answer 15

Elastic recoil of the lung
Resistance to airflow in the airways

Question 16

The lung behaves like a true balloon by

Answer 16

Pressure volume curve

Question 17

difference between lung inflation
and deflation curves

Answer 17

Hysteresis

Question 18

equals the change in lung vol per unit change in pressure
(slope of the line at any point)

Answer 18

Compliance

how much the lungs and chest expand
so as the amount of air in lungs increases then pressure inside increases

Question 19

Steep line at residual capacity middle graph =

Low at total lung capacity (top of graph)=

Answer 19

= high compliance
= low compliance

Question 20

If lung volume increase compliance?

Answer 20

Compliance decreases

compliance is higher at FRC than TLC,
so low pressure at residual than total lung capacity

Question 21

Total lung capacity– full breath in, so pressure is high and compliance is?

F residual capacity- after inspiration what is left. so low pressure in lung but compliance is?

Answer 21

TLC= high pressure low compliance

FRC= low pressure high compliance

Question 22

Obstructive Disease Emphysema
compliance & elasticity

Answer 22

decrease elasticity
high compliance

Question 23

Restrictive Disease Fibrosis
elasticity and compliance

Answer 23

Increased elasticity and low compliance