Cardiac 2

Question 1

What is the heart

Answer 1

pump and Flow generator

Question 2

Why is it important that the heart has an adequate reserve capacity?

Answer 2

So pump performance can be improved when needed
ex runaway increase heart [omp when scared

Question 3

conduit vessels that transport blood rapidly and at high pressure away from the heart

Answer 3

Arteries

Question 4

last small branches of the arteries that act to regulate flow through a capillary bed

Answer 4

Arterioles

Question 5

a very thin-walled vessel that permits exchange of nutrients and waste products between blood and interstitial fluid

Answer 5

Capillaries

Question 6

small vessels that drain blood from the capillary bed; join together to form veins

Answer 6

Venules

Question 7

capacitance vessels that transport blood slowly and at low pressure towards the heart;
valves are present ensure unidirectional flow; stores blood for mobilization if needed

Answer 7

Veins

Question 8

What 3 mechanisms are in place for the cardiovascular system’s circuit?

Answer 8

1. Maintain adequate flow (valves, flow sensors, fluid reservoir sensors)
2. Maintain adequate pressure (pressure sensors)
3. Changing fluid volume (volume sensor)

Question 9

Are arteries stiff or compliant?
Conduit or capacitance?

Answer 9

Stiff
Conduit

Question 10

Are veins stiff or compliant?
Conduit or capacitance?

Answer 10

Compliant
Capacitance

Question 11

What creates pressure in the circulatory system?

Answer 11

Force exerted by blood on an area of the vessel wall

Question 12

Compliance equation for arteries?

Answer 12

Compliance = (Change in volume)/(change in pressure)

Question 13

In systemic circulation, where is the highest mean pressure?

Answer 13

ascending aorta

Question 14

In systemic circulation, where is the lowest mean pressure?

Answer 14

right atrium

Question 15

Does the aorta expand or recoil during systole
(LV ejection/contraction)?

Answer 15

Aortic expansion
LV ejection

Question 16

Does the aorta expand or recoil during diastole (LV filling)?

Answer 16

Aortic recoil
LV filling

Question 17

Is oxygenated or deoxygenated blood bright red?

Answer 17

Oxygenated

Question 18

In which vascular bed is the greatest pressure drop?

Answer 18

Arterioles (proximal to distal)

Question 19

What is the key area for regulating pressure flow thru the capillary bed
& impacting pressure in the ascending aorta?

Answer 19

arterioles

Question 20

What is the mean blood pressure for animals?

Answer 20

100 mm Hg

Question 21

Does pulmonary circulation have high or low pressure compared to systemic circulation?

Answer 21

Low do not need so much pressure shorter distance

Question 22

Can you summarize the circulatory system as consisting of
in series and in parallel circuits?

Answer 22

The systemic and pulmonary circulations are arranged in series; the organs in systemic circulation are arranged in parallel

Question 23

What are the layers of the heart from touching blood to external in contact w pericardial fluid?

Answer 23

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

Question 24

List the 4 heart valves in mammals and birds

Answer 24

Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Let ventricle

Question 25

Where is tricuspid valve located?
Where is mitral(bicuspid) valve

Answer 25

tri- between right atria and ventricle
bi-between left atria and ventricle

Question 26

What does aortic valve separate?
what does pulmonic valve separate?

Answer 26

Aortic valve between ascending aorta and LV
Pulmonic valve between PA and RV

Question 27

What connects papillary muscles to their atrioventricular valves?

Answer 27

Chordae tendinae

Question 28

Is blood pumped through the heart continuously or intermittently?

Answer 28

Intermittently to allow enough time for diffusion to occur

Question 29

Does increasing total cross-sectional area at capillary beds speed up or slow down the flow of blood?
Why is this significant?

Answer 29

Slows down
Allows for diffusion to occur
more area to occur

Question 30

Describe the windkessel effect

Answer 30

Ascending aorta expands during blood ejection due to its elasticity & returns to normal when blood is not ejecting;
returning to normal assists the flow of blood away from the heart and toward the periphery;
There is a “reserve” of fluid that can be accessed for movement

Question 31

If all the blood vessels in parallel are added together, which one of the following classes of vessel has the greatest net cross-sectional area and consequently the slowest rate of flow?
a) Ascending aorta
b) Conduit arteries
c) Arterioles
d) Capillaries
e) Venules

Answer 31

D

Question 32

Which cardiac valves would a red blood cell pass through as it flows from the pulmonary artery through the lungs into the aorta?

a) Tricuspid (first) and pulmonary (second)
b) Pulmonary (first) and mitral (second)
c) Mitral (first) and aortic (second)
d) Aortic (first) and tricuspid (second)

Answer 32

Follow the pathway from pulmonary artery into the left atria then into left ventricle to aorta. What valves are there
C

Question 33

Follow the heart pump

Answer 33

Blood comes in from the cranial and caudal vena cavas to the right atrium,
passes through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle.
Right ventricle contracts, valves close so blood cant reverse.
Blood then out through pulmonic valve into pulmonary artery to lungs.
From lungs oxygenated to left atrium,
goes through the mitral(bi) valve into left ventricle.
Goes out aortic valve and out ascending aortic arch to body