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Spring VM 603 > Neuro pharm > Flashcards

Neuro pharm Flashcards

1
Q

How is it better to start dosing neuro meds?

A

Better to start at the lower end of dosage range and gradually increase

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2
Q

3 types of Types of Psychoactive Meds

A

Anxiolytics
Antipsychotics
Antidepressant

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3
Q

2 types of Anxiolytics
look at word (anxiety lysis)

A

Benzodiazepines (BDZs)
Azapirones

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4
Q

Name 3 of the BENZODIAZEPINES (BDZs) anxiolytics

A

Diazepam
Alprazolam
Lorazepam, Clonazepam, Oxazepam

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5
Q

Name the one AZAPIRONES anxiolytic?

A

Buspirone

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6
Q

How do Benzo anxiolytics work

A

Enhance ability of GABA to open receptor channel
* BDZs alone can not open GABA receptor channel

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7
Q

6 things to treat with BDZ’s

A

Anxiety
Anticonvulsant
Muscle relaxation
Neuroleptanalgesia
Enhance appetite
Inappropriate elimination

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8
Q
  • Neuroleptanalgesia is
A

State of quiescence, analgesia and altered awareness

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9
Q

BDZ contraindication

A

Do not use to treat aggression
Disinhibit aggression tendencies

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10
Q

Exception to the BDZ contraindication rule

A

BDZ given in advance of an event that generates fear may cause fear related aggression

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11
Q

When are BDZ good alone?
When are they not?

A

?

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12
Q

BDZ dosing

A

Class IV controlled
IV oral rectal
1 hr to effect
last different in species
need to withdraw slow

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13
Q

Some BDZ side effects

A

Sedation
Dependence
Hepatic necrosis in cats
Interfere with learning

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14
Q

Severe reaction in cats after repeat doing of diazepam?

A

Hepatic necrosis

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15
Q

Azapirone Anxiolytics* Buspirone Indications

A

Anxiety
Inappropriate elimination
Aggression in dogs

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16
Q

What does buspirone typically not do?

A

Produce sedation, memory impairment, or bite disinhibition

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17
Q

Mechanism for action buspirone

A
  • 5-HT1A autoreceptor agonist.
    Partial agonist pre& postsynaptically
    *Antagonist at D2 receptors.
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18
Q

Dosing of buspirone

A

Takes long time to effect 8-12 hours
needs to build up so weeks to notice effects

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19
Q

Side effects buspirone

A

Few side effects: ataxia, friendlier cats.
* contrast to BDZ no withdrawal /dependence effects,
less abuse potential

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20
Q

Buspirone Indications in dogs? cats?

A

Dogs: Anxiety
Cats: Feline urination spraying, Anxiety, aggression

21
Q

Which statement on benzodiazepines is correct ?
* A) Benzodiazepines bind to a-adrenergic receptors.
* B) Benzodiazepines bind to GABAA receptors, major excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the brain.
* C) Benzodiazepines never disinhibit aggressive tendencies.
* D) Benzodiazepines are not ideal for long-term treatment
as tolerance and dependence may develop.

A

D

22
Q

Antipsychotics examples

A

Acepromazine
Chlorpromazine

23
Q

Phenothiazine Tranquilizers Produce a

A

neuroleptic state:

24
Q

What is a neuroleptic state:

A

Blunting of normal and abnormal behavior

25
Q

Mechanism of Action & Pharmacokinetics phenothiazine tranq

A

Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist

26
Q

How long to act and how long to work phenothiazine tranq

A

Onset of effect ~ 1 hr.
* Effects last 4-24 hrs.

27
Q

Phenothiazines short or long term?
why?

A

Not intended for long term use
Does not change underlying chemical disturbances

28
Q

Phenothiazine Side/Adverse Effects

A

Sedation
Hypotension
May inhibit learning
Extrapyramidal effects

29
Q

Extrapyramidal effects of phenithiazione

A

Pseudoparkinsonism, motor restlessness, dystonia

30
Q

3 types anti depressants

A

TCAs
SSRIs
MAOIs

31
Q

Main effect of antidepressants

A

Main effects are to ↑ synaptic 5-HT +/- NE

32
Q

Examples of Tricyclic Antidepressants TCA

A

Amitriptyline • Clomipramine
– Clomicalm ® labeled for
separation anxiety in dogs
• Nortriptyline
• Desipramine
• Imipramine
• Doxepin

33
Q

TCA: Indications

A

Mild aggressions
Compulsive disorders
Inappropriate elimination

34
Q

TCA how long to work

A

2-4 weeks

35
Q

TCA Side/Adverse Effects

A

Sedation
Vomiting
Dry mouth
Tachycardia or arrhythmias

36
Q

T/F It is easier to OD on TCA

A

True

37
Q

Contraindications to TCA

A

Glaucoma or Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca

38
Q

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) examples

A

Fluoxetine
Sertraline
Paroxetine

39
Q

SSRI mechanism & why

A

Mechanism * Inhibits 5-HT reuptake by transporters
minimal NE effects
safer with less side effects d/t this
still takes weeks to see effect

40
Q

SSRIs : Indications

A

Aggressions
Separation anxiety
Thunderstorms phobia
Compulsive disorders

41
Q

SSRIs: Kinetics, Side Effects

A

Longer 1/2 life than TCAs
Side effects: Lethargy
– Diminished appetite
– GI disturbances

42
Q

Why Do SSRIs Have Less Side/Adverse Effects Than TCAs?
2 reasons

A

Relative degrees of inhibition of NE and 5-HT Reuptake transporters

43
Q

Which statement on fluoxetine is correct ?

  • A) Fluoxetine primarily inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine.
  • B) In contrast to BDZs, clinical actions develop within one hour of administration.
  • C) Fluoxetine can be used to treat compulsive disorders
    in dogs and cats.
  • D) Fluoxetine is the drug of choice for treating phobias.
A

C

44
Q

a2-adrenergic Agonists examples

A

Clonidine
Dexmedetomidine

45
Q

Alpha-2 (α2) Agonists action

A
46
Q

What is the key to Alpha-2 (α2) Agonists

A

Administrator smaller doses for tax behavior so not sedative

47
Q

Clonidine side effects and what not to do

A

Hypotension
Do not use with TCAs

48
Q

why prescribe Dexmedetomidine

A

Noise aversion

Spring VM 603 (17 decks)

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