Respiratory #1 Flashcards
Eupnea:
Tachypnea:
Eu-Normal rhythmic breathing
tach–Increased frequency of breathing.
Hyperpnea:
Hyperventilation:
Hypoventilation:
hyperpnea- Increased breathing, usually increased tidal volume with/without increased frequency
hypervent-Increased alveolar ventilation relative to metabolic rate (arterial CO2 tension usually less than 37 mm Hg).
- Hypoventilation: Decreased alveolar ventilation relative to metabolic rate (arterial CO2 tension usually above 43 mm Hg).
Apnea:
Apneusis
Apneustic pattern
Apnea: Cease breathing in resting expiratory position.
* Apneusis: Cease breathing in inspiration.
- Apneustic pattern: Apneusis interrupted periodically by exhalation; may be rhythmic.
- Gasping:
Spasmodic inspiratory effort, usually maximal, brief, and terminating abruptly;
may be rhythmic or irregular; may be involuntary
(e.g. when frightened) or voluntary (e.g. when singing or swimming).
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures –
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures –
Total pressure (PT) of a gas mixture is a sum of the fractional pressures exerted by its
individual component gases (i.e., partial pressures). T
Normal atmospheric fractional concentration of O2
0.21; 21%
value is altitude independent
KNOW THIS
tension
The “partial pressure” of a gas
“tension“.
Water Vapor Pressure in lungs of humans and vet
when temp is 37 and humidity is 100%
Water vapor (partial) pressure in lungs at 37◦C & 100% relative humidity
Human is 47mmHg.
Vet medicine is 50 mm Hg
KNOW BOTH VALUES!!
Used to correct for P02 in inspired air.
Boyle’s Law
Volume is inversely proportional to pressure at constant temperature:
V1/V2 = P2/P1
Boyle’s Law example
At constant temperature, a fixed number of gaseous molecules will exert less pressure
the larger the volume of their container.
Mechanics of breathing–Ventilation
getting the gas to in the lungs to the vessel
Gas exchange
Perfusion
Ventilation must match
Perfusion
What is symbolized with a capital letter?
Primary variables
What is symbolized by a “dot” over the variable
A dot over the variable indicates a rate
