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Spring VM 603 > Respiratory #1 part 2 > Flashcards

Respiratory #1 part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 airway zones?

A

Conducting zone
Transitional zone
Respiratory zone

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2
Q

3 characteristics of the conducting zone

A

Anatomical dead space
Gas movement by bulk flow
No role in gas exchange

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3
Q

In what zone do you hear airway sounds with your stethescope?

A

Conduction zone ???

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4
Q

3 characteristics of the transitional zone?

A

Cross sectional areas increase dramatically
Gas velocity decreases dramatically
Deposition of most inhaled particles

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5
Q

4 characteristics of the respiratory zone?

A

Gas movement by diffusion only
Entire surface available for diffusion
Capillaries form dense network in alveoli walls
Alveolar capillary membrane is .3-.5 um think

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6
Q

Why is it important that the alveolar-capillary membrane is thin?

A

Gas exchange by diffusion

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7
Q

Muscociliary escalator

A

Mucus secretion/clearance helps maintain airway integrity and pulmonary defense
(10-100mL of mucus secreted daily in humans)

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8
Q

What is provided by type I and type II Alveolus?

A

Alveolus Type I - lining
Alveolus Type II - secretes surfactant

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9
Q

Is Alveolus Type I or Type II more predominant?

A

Type II

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10
Q

What type of measurement is volume?
Flow?

A

Volume is static
Flow is rate

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11
Q

Minute ventilation formula

A

Vt x freq = 500ml x 15 breaths= 7.5 L/min

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12
Q

T or F: alveolar ventilation and pulmonary blood flow should be relatively equivalent?

A

True ???

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13
Q

How do you find alveolar gas?

A

tidal volume - anatomic dead space

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14
Q

What is the difference between
anatomical dead space and alveolar dead space?

A

Anatomical DS - portion of the breath that enter and leaves the conducting zones of the airways
Alveolar DS - air that reaches the alveoli but does not participate in gas exchange

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15
Q

Anatomic DS + Alveolar DS = ???

A

Physiological DS

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16
Q

What is physiological/function dead space?

A

Wasted ventilation
Increases with lung pathology
Ventilation/perfusion mismatch

17
Q

How does different types of breathing affect
VA (Alveolar ventilation) and VT (tidal volume)?

A

Normal ventilation - normal (roughly 500 mL per breath)
Fast, shallow breathes - decreases VA, lower VT
Slow, deep breathes - increases VA, higher VT

18
Q

Define Tidal Volume (VT)

A

The volume of air inspired and expired with each breath

19
Q

Define Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

A

The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled beyond a normal TV

20
Q

When is Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) used

A

Exercise

21
Q

Define Expiratory reserve Volume (ERV)?

A

The volume of gas expelled from the lungs during a maximal forced expiration beyond normal tidal expiration

22
Q

Define Residual Volume (RV)

A

Volume of air left in the lungs after a maximal expiration

23
Q

What 4 terms are primary lung volumes?

A

Tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Residue volume

24
Q

What 4 terms are secondary lung volumes?

A

Inspiratory capacity
Vital capacity
Functional residual capacity
Total lung capacity

25
Q

Define Inspiratory capacity (IC)

A

Volume air inhaled into lungs during a maximal inspiratory effort that begins at the end of a normal tidal expiration

26
Q

Formula for inspiratory capacity

A

IC= IRV+ TV

27
Q

define vital capacity

A

Volume air expelled from the lungs during a maximal forced expiration starting after a maximal forced inspiration

28
Q

formula for vital capacity

A

VC = IRV + TV+ ERV

29
Q

Define functional residual capacity (FRC)

A

The volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal tidal expiration

30
Q

Formula for functional residual capacity (FRC)

A

FRC= ERV + RV

31
Q

Define total lung capacity (TLC)

A

The volume of air at the end of a maximal inhalation

32
Q

Formula for total lung capacity

A

TLC= IR+TV+ER+RV

33
Q

Restrictive pulmonary disease

A

disorders with decreased lung volumes (decreased TLC, FRC, RV)

Spring VM 603 (17 decks)

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