respiratory & integumentary systems study guide Flashcards
doctor who has special training in diagnosing and treating diseases of the lungs.
pulmonologist
el neumólogo
helps patients who are having trouble breathing. They work under the direction of doctors. They give patients oxygen, manage ventilators, and administer drugs to the lungs.
Respiratory therapists
el terapista respiratorio
specializes in diagnosing and treating sleep disorders like sleep apnea, insomnia, narcolepsy, restless leg syndrome, and others.
sleep specialist
sleep medicine specialist
especialista en sueño
especialista en medicina del sueño
the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. It includes your airways, lungs and blood vessels.
respiratory system
el sistema respiratorio
el aparato respiratorio
The main function of (blank) is to produce vocal sounds
larynx
voice box
la laringe
flap that covers the trachea during swallowing so that food does not enter the lungs.
epiglottis
la epiglotis
an important defense mechanism which clears the airways of irritants by forcefully expelling air from the respiratory tract.
cough reflex
el reflejo de la tos
an inward breath. When you swim to the surface of a pool after being under water, you’ll take a deep inhalation.
inhalation
la inhalación
la inspiración
an outward breath.
exhalation
la exhalación
la espiración
vibrate and air passes through the (blank) from the lungs to produce the sound of your voice.
vocal cords
las cuerdas vocales
is breathed in enters the blood from the lungs and travels to the tissues.
oxygen
O2
el oxígeno
deliver air to your lungs. They go from the nose & mouth to the lungs.
airways
air passages
las vías respiratorias
The major parts of (blank) include the nose or nostrils, nasal cavity, mouth, throat (pharynx), and voice box (larynx).
the upper respiratory tract
las vías respiratorias altas/superiores
transfer life-giving oxygen into the blood supply.
lung / lungs
el pulmón / los pulmones
A wall of cartilage divides the nose into 2 separate chambers.
nasal septum
el tabique nasal
is transported in the bloodstream to the lungs where it is ultimately removed from the body through exhalation.
carbon dioxide
CO2
el dióxido de carbono
secrete mucus to protect against infection, humidifies, filters, and heats the air you breath before it reaches the lungs.
nasal sinus
los senos nasales
carry air in and out of your lungs
trachea
two large tubes that carry air from your trachea to your lungs.
bronchus [singular]
bronchi [plural]
el bronquio [singular]
los bronquios [plural]
the smallest airways in your lungs. Inhaled air passes through tiny ducts from the (blank) into the alveoli
bronchioles
los bronquiolos
air sacs in the lungs located at the end of respiratory tree “branches”. The (Blank) are where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out.
alveolus [singular]
alveoli [plural]
el alveolo [singular]
los alveolos [plural]
Your nose (blank) the air, catching and trapping particles with the many small hairs in your nose to immediately filter out larger particles before they can access your lungs.
filters
filtra
Your nose (blank) the air, adding moisture to keep your airways from drying out.
humidifies
humedece
At each cell in your body, oxygen is (Blank) for a waste gas called carbon dioxide. Your bloodstream then carries this waste gas back to the lungs where it is removed from the bloodstream and then exhaled.
exchanged
are blood vessels in the walls of the alveoli. Blood passes through the Blank) giving off carbon dioxide through the capillary wall into the alveoli and taking up oxygen from air in the alveoli.
capillaries
refers to any type of blood vessel going to or from the lungs.
pulmonary blood vessels
los vasos sanguíneos pulmonares
carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs.
pulmonary arteries
carry oxygen-rich blood from your lungs to your heart.
pulmonary veins
las venas pulmonares
a thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and lines the interior wall of the chest cavity.
pleural membrane
pleura
the major muscle of respiration.
diaphragm
el diafragma
a hollow space surrounded by the rib cage and the diaphragm
chest cavity
thoracic cavity
la cavidad torácica
muscle groups that are situated in between the ribs that create and move the chest wall.
intercostal muscles
los músculos intercostales
essential for life as it lines the alveoli to lower surface tension, thereby preventing alveoli collapse during breathing.
pulmonary surfactant
el surfactante / tensoactivo pulmonar
The respiratory system is lined with a (blank)membrane that secretes (blank). The mucus traps smaller particles like pollen or smoke.
mucus / snot
el moco
la mucosidad
mucus that is coughed up from the lower airways (the trachea and bronchi).
sputum / phlegm
el esputo / la flema
(Blank) is the most common type of pulmonary function or breathing test.
This test measures how much air you can breathe in and out of your lungs, as well as how easily and fast you can the blow the air out of your lungs.
Spirometry
la espirometría
are a group of tests that measure breathing and how well the lungs are functioning.
pulmonary function test
lung function test
el examen de la función pulmonar / la prueba de la función pulmonar
Nebulized therapy is often called a (blank) You can use nebulizers with a variety of medications, both for controlling asthma symptoms and for relief right away.
breathing treatment.
a device that turns the liquid medicine into a mist which is then inhaled through a mouthpiece or a mask.
nebulizer treatment
can detect cancer, infection or air collecting in the space around a lung, which can cause the lung to collapse.
chest x-ray
la radiografía de tórax / pecho
a procedure a doctor uses to look at the larynx (voice box), including the vocal cords, as well as nearby structures like the back of the throat.
laryngoscopy
a procedure that lets doctors look at your lungs and air passages.
bronchoscopy
a test that checks for bacteria or another type of organism that may be causing an infection in your lungs or the airways leading to the lungs.
sputum culture
dys- // dis-
Meaning “bad” or “difficult”
a- // a-
an- // an-
Meaning “none” or “without”
hypo- // hipo-
Meaning “low”
hyper- // hiper-
Meaning “high”
pneum/o – neum/o
pneumon/o – neumon/o
Meaning “the lung”
pulmon/o – pulmon/o
Meaning “the lung”
bronch/o – bronc/o (bronqu/o)
Meaning “the bronchus”
“stetho/o – estet/o
thorac/o – torac/o
lapar/o – lapar/o
Meaning “the chest” or “the thorax”
trache/o – traque/o
Meaning “the trachea”
ox/y (ox/i) – ox/i
Meaning “oxygen”
pnea – pnea (nea)
spir/o – espir/o
Meaning “breath” or “air”
cyan/o – cian/o
Meaning “blue color”
-otomy // -otomía
Meaning “a surgery to cut into/cut open”
-osis // -osis
Meaning “condition”
-metry // -metría
Meaning “process of measuring”
-itis // -itis
Meaning “inflammation”
-scopy // -scopia (-scopía)
Meaning “visual examination”
-scope // -scopio
Meaning an “an instrument for viewing”
the medical discipline that is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the skin, hair, and nails in both children and adults.
dermatology
la dermatología
a medical doctor who specializes in treating the skin, hair, and nails.
dermatologist
el dermatólogo
a surgical specialty involved with both the improvement in a person’s appearance and the reconstruction of facial and body tissue defects due to illness, trauma, or birth disorders.
plastic surgery
do surgeries to repair or reconstruct burns, scars, injuries, or any external body part.
plastic surgeon
a subspecialty of plastic and reconstructive surgery that is concerned with the correction of malformations of the soft tissues and bones of the head.
craniofacial surgery
la cirugía craneofacial
the largest organ of the body. One of the main functions of the (blank) is protection.
Skin
la piel
your body’s outer layer. It consists of your skin, hair, nails and glands.c
integumentary system
el sistema integumentario
Another name for the skin is the cutaneous
membrane
nerve structures that detect stimuli like touch, temperature and pain. The (blank) are densely concentrated on the tips of the fingers, which are extremely sensitive to touch.
sensory receptors
waxy substance produced by your body’s sebaceous glands.
sebum
the outermost layer of skin on your body.protects your body from harm, keeps your body hydrated, produces new skin cells and contains melanin, which determines the color of your skin.
epidermis
a protein that helps form hair, nails and your skin’s outer layer.
keratin
the pigment that is responsible for our beautiful variety of skin tones and shades, eye colors, and hair colors.
melanin
the middle layer of skin in your body. It has many different purposes, including protecting your body from harm, supporting your epidermis, feeling different sensations and producing sweat and hair.
dermis
the bottom layer of skin in your body. It has many important functions, including storing energy, connecting the dermis layer of your skin to your muscles and bones, insulating your body and protecting your body from harm.
hypodermis
subcutaneous tissue
microscopic glands found in your hair follicles that secrete sebum.
sebaceous glands
tubular structures of the skin that produce sweat or water to cool the body
sweat glands
sudoriferous glands
tiny openings in the skin that house hair follicles
pores
the visible part of the hair that sticks out of the skin.
hair shaft
is produced by living skin cells in the finger
nail
is in the skin and extends down to the deeper layers of the skin.
hair root
the area of the head where head hair grows.
scalp
the visible hard nail area from the nail root to the free edge
nail body
nail plate
the portion of the nail found under the surface of the skin at the near end of the nail.
nail root
the layer of cells that lies under a fingernail or a toenail.
nail bed
hypo- // hipo-
sub- // sub-
Meaning “low” or “beneath”
epi- // epi-
Meaning “above” or “over”
derm/o – derm/o
dermat/o – dermat/o
cutane/o – cutane/o
Meaning “skin”
cutane/o – cutane/o
Meaning “skin”
lip/o – lip/o
Meaning “fat”
hem/o – hem/o
hemat/o – hemat/o
Meaning “blood”
erythr/o – eritr/o
eryth/o – erit/o
Meaning “red color”
albin/o – albin/o
Meaning “white color”
melan/o – melan/o
Meaning “black color”
-itis // -itis
Meaning “inflammation”
-oma // -oma
Meaning “mass” or “swelling”
