1 Flashcards

1
Q

primary function is to filter your blood. They also remove waste and balance your body’s fluids

A

Kidneys/riñones

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2
Q

A small, fingerlike pouch that is attached to the end of the colon (large intestine).

A

Appendix/ apendice

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3
Q

A small gland that sits on top of the kidney that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline.

A

Adrenal glands
Las glandulas suprerenales

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4
Q

A blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to tissues and organs in the body.

A

Arteries
Las arterias

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5
Q

A hollow, stretchy organ in the lower part of your abdomen that stores urine before it leaves your body.

A

Bladder
La vejiga

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6
Q

A specialized body fluid. It has four main components: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

A

Blood
Sangre

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7
Q

channels that carry blood throughout your body.

A

Blood vessels
Los Basos sanguinos

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8
Q

the soft and spongy tissue that is in the centers of bones.

A

Bone marrow
La medula osea

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9
Q

the two large tubes that carry air from your windpipe to your lungs.

A

Brochi
bronquio

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10
Q

A strong and flexible connective tissue that protects your joints and bones.

A

Cartilage
El cartilago

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11
Q

A small organ that stores and releases bile. Bile is the fluid your liver produces that helps digest fats in the food you eat.

A

Gallbladder
La vesicula biliar

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12
Q

The area of the brain that controls body temperature, hunger, and thirst.

A

Hypothalamus
El hipotalamo

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13
Q

cleans blood and produces bile for digestion.

A

Liver
Hígado

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14
Q

Are small lumps of tissue that contain white blood cells, which fight infection.

A

Lymph nodes
Los ganglios linfaticos

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15
Q

Are female sex cell

A

Ovum

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16
Q

plays an important role in digestion and blood sugar regulation.

A

Pancreas
El pancreas

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17
Q

They produce parathyroid hormone, which plays a key role in the regulation of blood calcium levels.

A

Parathyroid glands

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18
Q

It lies deep inside the head. It’s often called the “master gland” because it controls many of the things other glands do.

A

Pituitary gland

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19
Q

A small gland in men that helps make semen.

A

Prostate

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20
Q

the part of your large intestine that lies between your colon and your anus

A

Rectum

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21
Q

transport oxygen to your body’s tissues.

A

Red blood cells

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22
Q

The organs that are involved in breathing.

A

Respiratory tracks

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23
Q

consists of muscles and tendons that hold your shoulder in place.

A

Rotator cuff

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24
Q

A gland in the mouth that produces saliva.

A

Salivary gland

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25
Q

air-filled spaces in the skull.

A

Sinuses

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26
Q

filters the blood to help destroy microorganisms and get rid of old or damaged red blood cells. It also makes lymphocytes (white blood cells) and stores blood cells.

A

Spleen
El vaso

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27
Q

A small gland in the lymphatic system. It makes special white blood cells.

A

Thymus
El timo

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28
Q

A gland that regulates important bodily functions like metabolism and temperature.

A

Thyroid

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29
Q

two round, fleshy masses in the back of your throat. Part of your immune system, they are like lymph nodes.

A

Tonsils
Las amigdalas

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30
Q

the tube connecting your voice box to your bronchi

A

Trachea

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31
Q

A hollow tube that lets urine leave your body.

A

Urethra

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32
Q

An organ of the female reproductive system where a fetus grows and develops.

A

Uterus

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33
Q

Are blood vessels located throughout your body that collect oxygen-poor blood and return it to your heart.

A

Veins

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34
Q

part of the body’s immune system. They help the body fight infection and other diseases.

A

White blood cells

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35
Q

is the study of the endocrine system in the human body

A

Endocrinology

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36
Q

A doctor that treats diseases related to problems with hormones.

A

Endocrinologist

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37
Q

are doctors who specialize in diagnosing and treating infertility.

A

Reproductive endocrinologist

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38
Q

are trained to teach people about healthy eating.

A

Dietitians

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39
Q

Someone that can help you with exercise, nutrition, medications, and checking your blood sugar.

A

Diabetes educator

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40
Q

a network of glands in your body that make the hormones that help cells talk to each other. They’re responsible for almost every cell, organ, and function in your body.

A

Endocrine system

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41
Q

A gland that releases hormones (chemical messengers) into the bloodstream to be transported to various organs and tissues throughout the body.

A

Endocrine glands

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42
Q

Are chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body

A

Hormones

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43
Q

The state of balance within all physical systems needed for a body to function properly and survive

A

Homeostasis

44
Q

A substance made and released by a living thing, like when your skin sweats.

45
Q

The chemical reactions in the body’s cells that change food into energy.

A

Metabolism

46
Q

Are conditions that affect any aspect of metabolism. Diabetes is an example of this condition

A

Metabolic disorders

47
Q

The physical changes that occur during puberty.

A

Sexual development

48
Q

Causes chemical changes in the body that can raise blood pressure, heart rate, and blood sugar levels.

49
Q

A small but crucial part of the brain. It controls functions such as sleep and growth.

A

Hypothalamus

50
Q

A hormone produced by the pituitary to stimulate your thyroid.

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

51
Q

A hormone produced by the pituitary that regulates growth and metabolism.

A

Human growth hormone

52
Q

Is situated in the middle of the human brain and is the major site of the body’s melatonin production.

A

The pineal gland

53
Q

A hormone made by the pineal gland. It regulates night and day cycles or sleep-wake cycles.

54
Q

Is made by the thyroid, and controls how much energy your body uses.

55
Q

A small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of your neck under your skin.

56
Q

a test that uses sound waves to create real-time pictures or video of soft tissues inside your body.

A

Ultrasound

57
Q

happens when a woman’s ovaries or adrenal glands produce more male hormones than normal.

A

Polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos)

58
Q

is situated in the middle of the human brain and is the major site of the body’s melatonin production.

A

Pineal gland

59
Q

when cells in your muscles, fat, and liver don’t respond well to insulin and can’t easily take up glucose from your blood

A

insulin resistance

60
Q

A hormone that releases to control calcium levels in your blood

A

parathyroid hormone

61
Q

is a small, pea-sized gland. That acts as the body’s ‘master gland’. It tells other glands in your body what to do.

A

pituitary gland

62
Q

A hormone produced by the pituitary to stimulate your thyroid.

A

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

63
Q

A hormone produced by the pituitary that regulates growth and metabolism.

A

human growth hormone (HGH)

64
Q

A gland that regulates calcium, located behind the thyroid gland in the neck.

A

parathyroid

65
Q

A hormone your parathyroid glands release to control calcium levels in your blood

A

parathyroid hormone

66
Q

A hormone your adrenal glands make to help you prepare for stressful or dangerous situations.

A

adrenaline
epinephrine

67
Q

Made by the adrenal glands, it helps control the balance of water and salts in the kidney.

A

aldosterone

68
Q

helps to maintain blood pressure, immune function and the body’s anti-inflammatory processes.

69
Q

A hormone that your pancreas makes to help your body turn food into energy and manage your blood sugar levels.

70
Q

is a hormone that your pancreas makes to help regulate your blood glucose (sugar) levels

71
Q

The main hormone secreted by the testes is testosterone, an androgenic hormone.

72
Q

is the primary male sex hormone and androgen in males.

A

Testosterone

73
Q

are the hormones that give men their ‘male’ characteristics.

74
Q

make estrogen and progesterone.

75
Q

It’s involved in pregnancy and is produced mainly in the ovaries

A

progesterone

76
Q

are a group of hormones that play an important role in the normal sexual and reproductive development in women.

77
Q

is overactivity of the thyroid gland, resulting in a rapid heartbeat and an increased rate of metabolism.

A

hyperthyroidism

78
Q

is when the thyroid gland doesn’t make enough thyroid hormones to meet your body’s needs.

A

hypothyroidism

79
Q

is a disorder in which 1 or more of the parathyroid glands in your neck produce too much parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

hyperparathyroidism

80
Q

is a disorder in which the parathyroid glands in the neck do not produce enough parathyroid hormone.

A

hypoparathyroidism

81
Q

a chronic condition in which your adrenal glands don’t produce enough of the hormones cortisol and aldosterone.

A

Addison’s disease

82
Q

is abnormal growth due to an excess of growth hormone during childhood.

83
Q

conditions of short stature refers to a group of conditions characterised by shorter than normal skeletal growth. Achondroplasia is a common form of short-limbed dwarfism.

A

dwarfism
achondroplasia

84
Q

is a condition in which your blood sugar (glucose) level is lower than the standard range

A

hypoglycemia

85
Q

happens when there’s too much sugar (glucose) in your blood. It’s also called high blood sugar or high blood glucose.

A

hyperglycemia

86
Q

is a disorder in which the body does not produce enough or respond normally to insulin, causing blood sugar (glucose) levels to be abnormally high.

A

diabetes mellitus

87
Q

your pancreas doesn’t make insulin or makes very little insulin

A

type 1 diabetes

88
Q

cells don’t respond normally to insulin; this is called insulin resistance.

A

type 2 diabetes

89
Q

blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough for a type 2 diabetes diagnosis.

A

prediabetes

90
Q

diabetes diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy.

A

gestational diabetes

91
Q

are benign (noncancerous) tumors. Without treatment, some adenomas may lead to cancer.

92
Q

may be an overall enlargement of the thyroid, or it may be the result of irregular cell growth that forms one or more lumps (nodules) in the thyroid.

93
Q

is a reliable method for measuring hormones produced naturally by the body.

A

serum test

94
Q

is a test that examines the visual, chemical and microscopic aspects of your urine (pee).

A

urine test

95
Q

is a lab test to check how your body moves sugar from the blood into tissues like muscle and fat.

A

glucose tolerance test (GTT)

96
Q

therapy that treats symptoms of menopause like hot flashes and vaginal dryness by replacing lost hormones.

A

hormone replacement therapy

97
Q

measures the amount of radioactive iodine (taken by mouth) that accumulates in the thyroid gland.

A

radioactive iodine uptake test

98
Q

a simple blood test that measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 3 months.

A

hemoglobin A1C

99
Q

can help find problems that can lead to serious infection and amputation (surgery to remove all or part of your foot) if they’re not found and treated early.

A

diabetic foot exam

100
Q

combines a series of X-ray images taken from different angles around your body and uses computer processing to create cross-sectional images (slices) of the bones, blood vessels and soft tissues inside your body.

100
Q

is done to test for nerve damage (peripheral neuropathy), which may be caused by conditions such as diabetes.

A

foot sensitvity test

101
Q

TST

A

thyroid function test

102
Q

GTT

A

glucose tolerance test

103
Q

HGH

A

human growth hormone

104
Q

PCOS

A

polycystic ovary syndrome