musculoskeletal system study guide Flashcards
Bones, muscles and joints make up (blank, along with cartilage, tendons, ligaments and connective tissue. This system gives your body its structure and support and lets you move around.
the musculoskeletal system
a medical specialty that focuses on treating injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
orthopedics
An (blank) is an orthopedic surgeon, a physician who corrects congenital or functional abnormalities of the bones with surgery, casting, and bracing.
orthopedist
a doctor with specialized training in inflammatory (rheumatic) disease.
rheumatologist
a healthcare provider who helps you improve how your body performs physical movements.
physical therapist
a healthcare provider who helps you improve your ability to perform daily tasks.
occupational therapist
a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions using imaging equipment.
radiologist
assist in the operating room, apply and remove casts, fit walking aids, and perform other support duties.
cast technician
orthopedic technician
perform medical exams using X-rays on patients to create images of specific parts of the body.
x-ray technician
radiologic technologist
assess soft tissues and joints of the body for treatment and prevention of dysfunction, injury, pain and physical disorders.
massage therapist
a form of alternative medicine concerned with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system
chiropractor
a branch of medicine devoted to the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders of the foot and ankle.
podiatry
a technique in which practitioners insert fine needles into the skin to treat health problems.
acupuncture
the hard, dense, calcified tissue that forms the skeleton of most vertebrates
bones
a fibrous connective tissue that connects/attaches muscles to bones
and facilitates movement.
tendons
a body tissue consisting of long cells that contract when stimulated and produce motion.
muscles
a strong, flexible substance in your body, especially around your joints and in your nose. It helps protect the joints and bones
cartilage
a fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to hold structures together and keep them stable.
ligaments
connect to your bones and allow you to perform a wide range of movements and functions. (blank) are voluntary, meaning you control how and when they work.
skeletal mucles
Your body needs (blank)to build and maintain strong bones. Your heart, muscles and nerves also need (blank) to function properly.
calcium
a mineral essential for healthy muscles, nerves, bones and blood sugar levels.
magnesium
necessary for the formation of bones and teeth.
phosphates
a point where two bones make contact.
joints
the soft, spongy tissue that is in the medullary cavities (centers) of bones.
bone marrow
A typical bone in your body contains 3 types of tissue, a hard outer tissue, a sponge-like inner tissue, and smooth tissue at the ends. what are these types of called?
bone tissue
the rounded end of a long bone, at its joint with adjacent bone(s)
head (of a bone)
epiphysis
the shaft in the middle of the bone is called the (blank) It has a hollow inside with an open space called the medullary cavity.
diaphysis.
the areas of new bone growth in children and teens.
growth plate
epiphyseal plate
A large prominence on the side of the bone. Some of the largest muscle groups and most dense connective tissues attach to the (blank).
trochanter
a piece of cartilage shaped like a crescent and located at the junction of two bones in a joint. The (blank) acts to absorb shock.
meniscus
are the 14 bones of the skull that articulate with the cranium, protect soft tissues of the face; they aid in breathing, eating, facial expressions, speech, and structure.
facial bones
craniofacial bones
are immovable or fixed joints, which are found between all the bones of the skull except the mandible.
suture joint
the (blank)on an infant’s head where the bony plates that make up the skull have not yet come together.
fontanelle
soft spot
A layer of cartilage between vertebrae in the spine.
intervertebral disk
A bony column of vertebrae surrounds and protects your (blank) Your (blank) helps carry electrical nerve signals throughout your body.
spinal cord
any of the muscles that increase the angle between members of a limb, as by straightening the elbow or knee or bending the wrist or spine backward.
extensors
any of the muscles that decrease the angle between bones on two sides of a joint, as in bending the elbow or knee.
flexors
any one of the three posterior thigh muscles between the hip and the knee
hamstring
located below the lungs, is the major muscle of respiration.
diaphragm
main function is to support and provide cushioning for your brain, spinal cord, and organs in the body.
Axial skeleton
main function is to facilitate movement in the human body, provide shape to arms and legs and maintain mineral homeostasis in the body.
Appendicular skeleton
the main function is the internal rotation, adduction, and fixion of the humerus
pectoralis major
a partial or complete break in the bone. When a (blank) happens, it’s classified as either open or closed.
fracture
when the bone breaks but there is no puncture or open wound in the skin.
closed fracture
refers to a bone that is broken in at least two places.
comminuted fracture
your bone breaks completely. It’s snapped or crushed into two or more pieces.
complete fracture
one in which two or more portions of broken bone come out of proper alignment. It has to be reset or realigned by a doctor through a closed reduction procedure or an open reduction.
displaced fracture
one in which the bone cracks or breaks but retains its proper alignment. (blank) fractures often require only bracing, booting or casting treatment.
non-displaced fracture
a break where the ends are driven into each other. This is often seen with children’s arm fractures.
impacted fracture
buckle fracture
fracture occurs when the bone cracks and bends but does not completely break. This is more common in pediatric patients.
greenstick fracture
incomplete fracture
a type of fracture that occurs when a long bone is twisted with force. It will appear similar to a corkscrew.
spiral fracture
torsion fracture
small cracks in one of your bones that happen when something puts a lot of repeated force on the bone.
stress fracture
a procedure to line up the ends of a fractured bone without the need for surgery. An open (blank) involves a surgery to line up the bone.
reduction
a- // a-
an- // an-
Meaning “without” “not” or “none”
electro- // electro-
Meaning “electricity”
oste/o – oste/o
Meaning “bone”
arthr/o – artr/o
Meaning “joint”
articul/o – articul/o
Meaning “joint”
chondr/o – condr/o
Meaning “cartilage”
myel/o – miel/o
Meaning “bone marrow”
my/o – mi/o
Meaning “muscle”
orth/o – ort/o
Meaning “straight”
-oma // -oma
Meaning “tumor” or “swelling”
scoli/o – escoli/o
Meaning “crooked”
-itis // -itis
Meaning “inflammation”
-graphy // - grafía
Meaning “to record” or “to take a picture”
-osis // -osis
Meaning “condition” or “disease”
