Respiratory Histology

Question 1

conducting portion consists of what structures

Answer 1

nasal cavity 
paranasal sinuses 
nasopharynx 
trachea 
primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi 
bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

Question 2

respiratory portion consists of what structures

Answer 2

respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs

Question 3

the respiratory epithelium is of what type

Answer 3

pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

all cells rest on the basement membrane with nuclei located at varying levels

Question 4

what is never present on true stratified epithelium

Answer 4

cilia

Question 5

goblet cells are found in what type of epithelium and perform what function

Answer 5

found in pseudostratified columnar epithelium and function to synthesize and secrete mucus

Question 6

mucigen granules secreted by goblet cells perform what function

Answer 6

combine with water to form mucus, a viscid secretion

Question 7

pleura that line the inside of the pleural cavity

Answer 7

parietal pleura

Question 8

pleura that lines the lung

Answer 8

visceral pleura

Question 9

within the pleural cavity is ____ that functions to reduce friction between the two pleura and keep the adhered

Answer 9

serous fluid

Question 10

the _____ pleura is continuous with the lung parenchyma and extends into the lung as fibrous septa, also contains extensive lymphatic vessels

Answer 10

visceral pleura

Question 11

along the outer layer of the visceral pleura is a flattened cell layer called the ______

Answer 11

mesothelium

Question 12

the trachea is lined with ______ epithelium
the distal end forms a ring of _______ tissue
the submucosa is rich in ________ glands and the ______ is shaped like a C

Answer 12

respiratory epithelium
fibroelastic tissue
seromucinous glands
Hyaline cartilage

Question 13

the _____ muscle sits on the posterior aspect of the trachea in the space not occupied by the “C’s” made up of hyaline cartilages

Answer 13

trachialis m

Question 14

characteristics of primary bronchus
Epithelia
Lamina propria
submucosa

Answer 14

Epithelia: shorter pseudostrat ciliated, fewer goblet cells
Lamina propria: increased elastic, separated from submucosa by smooth m
submucosa: fewer seromucinous glands, incomplete cartilaginous plates

Question 15

characteristics of bronchioles
epithelia
lamina propria
cartilage

Answer 15

epithelia: simple columnar ciliated, few goblet cells
lamina propria: increased elastic fibers, prominent smooth muscle (controls bronchoconstriction/dilation)
NO cartilage - no submucosa, airways smaller than <1mm

Question 16

characteristics of terminal bronchioles
epithelia
lamina propria

Answer 16

epithelia: simple columnar, clara cells

lamina propria: increased elastic fibers, 1-2 layers of smooth muscle

Question 17

clara cells secrete what essential component for alveoli

Answer 17

secrete surfactant: reduces surface tension, prevent collapse of bronchioles

Question 18

characteristics of respiratory bronchioles
epithelia
lamina propria

Answer 18

epithelia: simple cuboidal ciliated
lamina propria: elastic fibers, smooth muscle

branch into alveolar ducts, alveolar rings, alveolar sacs and alveoli

Question 19

respiratory bronchioles branch into what four structures

Answer 19

alveolar ducts
alveolar rings
alveolar sacs
alveoli

Question 20

alveolar sacs consist of 2+ clusters of

Answer 20

alveoli

Question 21

alveolar ducts end in

Answer 21

alveolar sacs

Question 22

aggregates of smooth muscle, collagen and elastic fibers that form around alveolar ducts

Answer 22

alveolar rings

Question 23

characteristics of alveoli

Answer 23

simple squamous epithelium, supporting tissue, blood vessels
blind-ended sacs lined with type I and II pneumocytes

Question 24

wall of alveolar capillaries surrounded by elastin and collagen fibers

Answer 24

alveolar septum

Question 25

small openings that permit movement of air between alveoli

Answer 25

alveolar pores

Question 26

the alveolar epithelium, capillary endothelium and the fusion of their basement membranes makes up the

Answer 26

respiratory epithelium

Question 27

type ___ pneumocytes line almost the entire alveolar surface and create the interface for gas exchange

Answer 27

type I pneumocytes

Question 28

type ___ pneumocytes secrete surfactant, reducing surface tension within alveoli, preventing collapse during respiration

Answer 28

type II pneumocytes