Respiratory Histology Flashcards
conducting portion consists of what structures
nasal cavity paranasal sinuses nasopharynx trachea primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
respiratory portion consists of what structures
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
the respiratory epithelium is of what type
pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
all cells rest on the basement membrane with nuclei located at varying levels
what is never present on true stratified epithelium
cilia
goblet cells are found in what type of epithelium and perform what function
found in pseudostratified columnar epithelium and function to synthesize and secrete mucus
mucigen granules secreted by goblet cells perform what function
combine with water to form mucus, a viscid secretion
pleura that line the inside of the pleural cavity
parietal pleura
pleura that lines the lung
visceral pleura
within the pleural cavity is ____ that functions to reduce friction between the two pleura and keep the adhered
serous fluid
the _____ pleura is continuous with the lung parenchyma and extends into the lung as fibrous septa, also contains extensive lymphatic vessels
visceral pleura
along the outer layer of the visceral pleura is a flattened cell layer called the ______
mesothelium
the trachea is lined with ______ epithelium
the distal end forms a ring of _______ tissue
the submucosa is rich in ________ glands and the ______ is shaped like a C
respiratory epithelium
fibroelastic tissue
seromucinous glands
Hyaline cartilage
the _____ muscle sits on the posterior aspect of the trachea in the space not occupied by the “C’s” made up of hyaline cartilages
trachialis m
characteristics of primary bronchus
Epithelia
Lamina propria
submucosa
Epithelia: shorter pseudostrat ciliated, fewer goblet cells
Lamina propria: increased elastic, separated from submucosa by smooth m
submucosa: fewer seromucinous glands, incomplete cartilaginous plates
characteristics of bronchioles
epithelia
lamina propria
cartilage
epithelia: simple columnar ciliated, few goblet cells
lamina propria: increased elastic fibers, prominent smooth muscle (controls bronchoconstriction/dilation)
NO cartilage - no submucosa, airways smaller than <1mm
characteristics of terminal bronchioles
epithelia
lamina propria
epithelia: simple columnar, clara cells
lamina propria: increased elastic fibers, 1-2 layers of smooth muscle
clara cells secrete what essential component for alveoli
secrete surfactant: reduces surface tension, prevent collapse of bronchioles
characteristics of respiratory bronchioles
epithelia
lamina propria
epithelia: simple cuboidal ciliated
lamina propria: elastic fibers, smooth muscle
branch into alveolar ducts, alveolar rings, alveolar sacs and alveoli
respiratory bronchioles branch into what four structures
alveolar ducts
alveolar rings
alveolar sacs
alveoli
alveolar sacs consist of 2+ clusters of
alveoli
alveolar ducts end in
alveolar sacs
aggregates of smooth muscle, collagen and elastic fibers that form around alveolar ducts
alveolar rings
characteristics of alveoli
simple squamous epithelium, supporting tissue, blood vessels
blind-ended sacs lined with type I and II pneumocytes
wall of alveolar capillaries surrounded by elastin and collagen fibers
alveolar septum
small openings that permit movement of air between alveoli
alveolar pores
the alveolar epithelium, capillary endothelium and the fusion of their basement membranes makes up the
respiratory epithelium
type ___ pneumocytes line almost the entire alveolar surface and create the interface for gas exchange
type I pneumocytes
type ___ pneumocytes secrete surfactant, reducing surface tension within alveoli, preventing collapse during respiration
type II pneumocytes
