Pulmonary Blood Flow

Question 1

alveolar capillaries come from ____ ventricle, participate in _________

Answer 1

right ventricle

participate in gas exchange

Question 2

extra-alveolar capillaries come from ____ ventricle, deliver _____ to lung tissue

Answer 2

left ventricle

deliver gas to lung tissue

Question 3

________ resistance is much lower in pulmonary vessels

Answer 3

vascular resistance

Question 4

the right and left ventricles pump the same volume of blood, made possible by the

Answer 4

differences in pressure between chambers

Question 5

pulmonary pressure mean difference

Answer 5

15mmHg

Question 6

systemic pressure mean difference

Answer 6

100mmHg

Question 7

left ventricle has to pump a lot harder because

Answer 7

resistance

Question 8

vascular resistance is equal to

Answer 8

input pressure - output pressure / blood flow

Question 9

pulmonary and systemic cardiac output are equal to

Answer 9

5L/min

Question 10

pulmonary vascular resistance is a function of its

_____ content, lower sympathetic _____

Answer 10

high capillary content

lower sympathetic tone and smooth muscle

Question 11

pulmonary vascular resistance _____ due to exercise due to

Answer 11

decreases due to exercise due to recruitment of more capillaries and distension of capillaries

Question 12

zone one is at the ____ of the lung
zone two is ____
zone three is at the ____ of the lung

Answer 12

apex
middle
base

Question 13

zone one is characterized by

Answer 13

alveoli are expanded because pressure, blood pressure is low
(when sitting or standing)

Question 14

zone two is characterized by

Answer 14

average alveoli size, blood pressure little higher, roughly same height as herat
arterial pressure is greater than alveolar pressure but alveolar pressure is greater than capillary/venous pressure

Question 15

zone three is characterized by

Answer 15

alveoli small, blood pressure high

lots of flow

Question 16

nitric oxide results in ______

Answer 16

decreased level of vasoconstriction

Question 17

L-arginine is a precursor for

Answer 17

nitric oxide, made by eNOS, vasodilator

Question 18

endothelin-1 is a

Answer 18

vasoconstrictor

inhibits ET-1 receptors used to treat pulmonary hypertension

Question 19

thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is a

Answer 19

vasoconstrictor

Question 20

as PaO2 decreases, _____ increases and _____ decreases

Answer 20

constriction increases and blood flow decreases

smooth muscle contracts

Question 21

the alveoli are kept dry by

Answer 21

hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure

fluid is pushed out of capillaries into interstitial space

Question 22

capillary pressure drive fluid

Answer 22

out of capillary into alveolus

Question 23

tissue pressure drives fluid

Answer 23

into capillary out of alveolus

Question 24

ACE performs what function

Answer 24

converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the lungs

Renin from kidney converts angiotensinogen from liver to angiotensin I

Question 25

bradykinin is _____ by _____ in the lungs

Answer 25

80% inactivated by ACE in the lungs

ACE inhibitors for blood pressure, patients develop cough due to inactivation of bradykinin

Question 26

leukotrienes, prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha are removed from ______ in the lungs

Answer 26

removed from circulation