Heart Development book

Question 1

_____ cells from the primitive streak migrate to form bilateral paired strands of the primary heart field

Answer 1

mesodermal

Question 2

_____ progenitor cells from the ______ mesoderm become the second heart field, which is ____ to the primary heart field

Answer 2

cardiac progenitor cells from the pharyngeal mesoderm

medial

Question 3

what component of the lateral mesoderm gives rise to almost all components of the heart

Answer 3

splachnopleure (opp: somatopleure)

Question 4

endocardial heart tubes are able to fuse as a consequence of

Answer 4

lateral embryonic folding bringing these structures together

Question 5

the heart begins to beat at

Answer 5

22-23 days

Question 6

the primary heart field gives rise to

Answer 6

LA, RA, RV

Question 7

secondary heart field gives rise to

Answer 7

LV

Question 8

vitelline veins return

Answer 8

poorly oxygenated blood from the umbilical vesicle

Question 9

umbilical veins return

Answer 9

well-oxygenated blood from the chorionic sac

Question 10

common cardinal veins return

Answer 10

poorly oxygenated blood from the body of embryo

Question 11

the right vitelline vein froms the

Answer 11

hepatic portal system and a portion of the IVC

Question 12

the umbilical veins form

Answer 12

right disappears during 7th week
left becomes umbilical vein
becomes large venous shunt - ductus venosus within the liver

Question 13

the ductus venosus is a large _____ _____ that develops within the _______ and to connect the ____ with the IVC

Answer 13

venous shunt
in the liver
connects umbilical vein with IVC

Question 14

the SVC forms from the

Answer 14

right anterior cardinal vein and right common cardinal vein

Question 15

the IVC forms from four main segments, originating from

Answer 15

hepatic from hepatic vein
preprenal from right subcardinal
renal from subcardinal supracardinal anastomoses
postrenal from right supracardinal vein

Question 16

the intersegmental arteries persist in the neck to form ______ a, in the thorax as the _______ a, in the abdomen as the ______ a and in the sacral as the ____ _____ a
the fifth pair of lumbar intersegmental a forms the _____ _____ a

Answer 16

vertebral a
intercostal a
lumbar a
lateral sacral a

common iliac a

Question 17

the myocardium is formed frrom what embryonic layer

Answer 17

splachnic mesoderm surrounding the pericardial cavity