Respiratory Failure Flashcards
What does the respiratory system do?
gas exchange, transfer of O2 and CO2
What is respiratory failure?
One or both gas exchange functions are inadequate
What is acute respiratory failure(ARDS)?
Sudden and life threatening deterioration of the gas exchange function of the lung resulting in mechanical ventilation. Lungs are unable to meet the oxygen demands of tissue
Does not respond to oxygen treatment
What is the difference between ARDS And chronic respiratory failure?
Chronic resp. failure is a deterioration in the gas exchange that has developed sneaky after episode of ARF
What are the four common causes of ARDS?
- decreased respiratory drive
- dysfunction of the chest wall
- dysfunction of the lung parenchyma (lining of lungs)
- other causes
What are the sign and symptoms of ARDS?
Early(acute) phase: rapid onset of severe dyspnea, arterial hypoxemia, mild hypertension, pulmonary edema, stiff lungs
Late sign: Cyanosis
What are the diagnostic findings of ARDS?
Crackles, intercostal retractions, acute onset of respiratory distress, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, severe refractory hypoxemia
does NOT respond to oxygen therapy*
What is the treatment of ARDS?
- Identify and treat underlying condition
- intubation and mechanical ventilation with PEEP (positive end- expiraoty pressure) to treat progressive hypoxemia
Why is it important to frequently turn ARDS patients?
Optimizes oxygenation, prevent sores, and moves sputum around in lungs to help bring it up
What are some respiratory therapy treatments?
- Oxygen therapy
- Mobilization of secretions: suctioning, coughing, humidification
- Augmented cough: palm of hand on abdominal musculature below xiploid process causing pressure resulting in forceful cough
- Noninvasive PPV: helps decrease the work of breathing
- Drug therapy
- Nutritional therapy: muscle mass is wasting, need increased calories
- Medical Supportive Therapy: Treat underlying cause
What is severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)?
viral respiratory illness caused by coronavirus transmitted via respiratory droplets
What is pulmonary emboli?
Obstruction of a pulmonary artery or branch by blood clot, are, fat, amniotic fluid, or septic thrombus
What is the three(triad) main risk factors for pulmonary emboli?
- venous stasis (blood polls in legs, chronic venous insufficiency)
- hyper coagulability (thick blood)
- trauma
What is the diagnostic findings of a pulmonary emboli?
Death may occur within 1 hour
- V/Q (ventilation/perfusion) scan
-D-dimer assay (blood test looking for clots
- spiral CT scans
- CXR, ECG, ABG
- pulmonary angiogram
- Blood tinged sputum
Treatment of pulmonary emboli?
- Measures to improve RESP & CV status
- Anticoagulation and thrombolytic therapy
- Surgical, conservative (oxygen)
