Assessment and Management if Patients with Hepatic Disorders Flashcards
What is the metabolic functions?
- Glucose metabolism
- Ammonia conversion
- Protein metabolism
- Vitamin and iron storage
- Drug metabolism
- Bile formation
- Bilirubin excretion
What are the liver function studies?
bilirubin and PT
- ALT, ALK
What are some additional diagnostic studies for hepatic disorders?
- Liver biopsy, Ultrasonography
- CT, MRI
What is jaundice?
Yellow- or green-tinged body tissues, sclerae, and skin caused by increased serum bilirubin levels
What is the S&S of jaundice?
- Lack of appetite, nausea, weight loss
- Malaise, fatigue, weakness
- Headache, chills, and fever if infectious in origin
-Dark orange-brown urine and light clay-colored stools - Dyspepsia and intolerance of fats, impaired digestion
Pruritus
What is hepatitis?
Inflammation of the liver
two types: acute viral (spread through viruses) and non viral (spread through toxic and drug induced)
What is hepatitis A?
- spread through fecal contamination
- incubation: 15-45 days
- anti-hav antibody serum after symptoms appear
What is the S&S of hepatitis A?
mild flulike symptoms, low-grade fever, anorexia, later jaundice and dark urine, indigestion and epigastric distress, enlargement of liver and spleen
What is the management of hepatitis A?
-prevention: vaccine
- WASH HANDS
- no effective treatment
- recover in 4-6 weeks
What is hepatitis B?
- transmitted through blood and bodily fluids
- incubation period is 1-6 months
- symptom are similar to hep A
What is the management of hepatitis B?
- prevention is vaccine
- treated with interferon
What is Hepatitis C?
- transmitted through percutaneous
- commonly through people who share needles
What is the S&S of hepatitis C?
- N&V, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, itching, pain in URQ
What is the management of Hepatitis C?
- no prevention
- Prevention of needle sticks for health care workers & measures to reduce spread of infection
- treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin
What is Hepatitis D?
- Only persons with hepatitis B are at risk for hepatitis D
- Transmission is percutaneously
What is hepatitis E?
Transmitted by fecal-oral route (contaminated water)
- rare
What is hepatitis G?
Transmitted parenterally and sexually
What is toxic and drug induced hepatitis?
Agents producing toxic hepatitis are generally systemic poisons