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nursing theory iv a- cindy's class > Female Reproductive Problems > Flashcards

Female Reproductive Problems Flashcards

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1
Q

What is pelvic inflammatory disease(PID)?

A
  • Inflammatory condition of the pelvic cavity (May involve uterus, fallopian tubes (salpingitis), ovaries (oophoritis), pelvic peritoneum)
  • Often result of untreated cervicitis
  • Most commonly caused by sexual transmission
    -caused by bacteria, may be from virus, fungus, parasite
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2
Q

What is the S&S of PID?

A
  • Lower abdominal pain
  • Vaginal discharge
  • Fever, chills
  • Dyspareunia - painful intercourse
  • Tenderness after menses
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3
Q

What is the complications of PID?

A

Septic shock, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, chronic pelvic pain

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4
Q

What is the collaborative care for PID?

A

Broad-spectrum antibiotics (ie. Cefoxitin)

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5
Q

What is endometriosis?

A

Presence of normal endometrial tissue in sites outside of the endometrial cavity
-Typical client with endometriosis – late 20’s-early thirties, white, never had full-term pregnancy

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6
Q

What is the S&S of endometriosis?

A

dysmenorrhea, infertility, dyspareunia, pelvic pain
Chocolate cysts – nodules in ovaries

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7
Q

What is the collaborative care of endometriosis?

A
  • Laparoscopy for definitive diagnosis
  • Treatment based on age, desire for pregnancy, severity of symptoms and extent of disease
  • Watchful waiting, drug and surgical therapy
    –> NSAIDS, oral contraceptives (Depo-Provera)
    –> Pregnancy may help as ovulation and menstruation do not occur
    –> Surgery – hysterectomy, oophorectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
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8
Q

What is benign ovarian tumours?

A
  • Acute or chronic pain
  • Ruptured cysts mimic appendicitis or ectopic pregnancy
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9
Q

What is polycystic ovary syndrome?

A
  • Chronic anovulation and androgen excess
  • Infertility, obesity, hirsutism (excessive hairiness)
  • If untreated may develop cardiovascular, abnormal insulin metabolism, ovarian or endometrial cancers
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10
Q

What is a uterine prolapse and the symptoms?

A
  • Downward displacement of the uterus into the vaginal canal as a result of impaired pelvic support
  • May be due to weakened structures that support the uterus from childbirth
    symptoms: Pressure, bladder incontinence or retention
  • problems w/ pelvic support
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11
Q

What is a cystocele in the pelvis?

A
  • Anterior wall prolapse; occurs when support between the vagina and the bladder is weakened
    Bladder bulges into the vagina
  • problems w/ pelvic support
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12
Q

What is a rectocele in the pelvis?

A
  • problems w/ pelvic support
  • Posterior wall prolapse; results from weakening between the vagina and rectum
    **Rectum will pressing into the vagina **
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13
Q

What is the S&S of cystocele in the pelvis?

A
  • Patient may report: pelvic pressure, fatigue, urinary problems – urinary incontinence, frequency, and urgency.
  • Back pain and pelvic pain may occur as well.
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14
Q

What is the S&S of rectocele in the pelvis?

A
  • Rectal pressure
  • Constipation, uncontrollable gas, fecal incontinence (pt with complete tears)
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15
Q

What is stress incontinence?

A

The involuntary loss of urine during activities that increase abdominal and pressure.

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16
Q

What is urinary incontinence?

A

involuntary loss of urine caused by the gradual weakening and “falling down” of the pelvic floor.

17
Q

What are the types of urinary incontinence?

A
  1. stress
  2. urge
  3. reflex
  4. overflow
  5. mixed
  6. functional
18
Q

What is urge incontinence?

A

cannot hold

19
Q

What is reflex incontinence?

A

problem with CNS system (stroke, Parkinson’s, tumors, spinal cord injuries)

20
Q

What is overflow incontinence?

A

bladder fills too full and urine passively leaks (enlargement of prostate gland)

21
Q

What is mixed incontinence?

A

combination of stress and urge incontinence

22
Q

What is functional incontinence?

A

unable to reach the toilet in time

23
Q

what is a fistula?

A
  • Abnormal opening between internal organs or between an organ and the exterior of the body
  • Excoriation and irritation of the vaginal and vulvar tissues occur and may lead to severe infections due to urine, flatus, or feces leaking into vagina
24
Q

What is the pre-op for surgical procedures for problems with pelvic support?

A
  • NO Food – from midnight before day of surgery.
  • No Blood Thinners – 5 days prior.
  • Water with meds, if taking any – bring a list.
25
Q

What is surgical management of problems with pelvic support?

A
  • teach Kegel exercises
  • Pessaries can be used to avoid surgery
  • Pre- and postoperative vaginal surgery care
  • discharge teaching
26
Q

What is post-op care for problems with pelvic support?

A
  • Prevent infection and pressure on suture lines.
  • Void within a few hours after surgery (many will have a foley catheter) – or use bladder scanner currently
  • lab values: electrolytes and CBC
  • IV and Foley
27
Q

What is a hysterectomy?

A

Surgical removal of the uterus to treat cancer, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, nonmalignant growths, persistent pain, pelvic relaxation and prolapse, and previous injury to the uterus
three approaches:
1. Laparoscopic
2. Vaginal
3. Abdominal

28
Q

What are the three types of hysterectomies?

A
  1. total
  2. subtotal
  3. radical
29
Q

What is a total hysterectomy?

A

removing the body of uterus and cervix. NOT removing ovaries

30
Q

What is a subtotal hysterectomy?

A

(partial) involves removing the body of the uterus, but leaving the cervix in place.

31
Q

What is a radical hysterectomy?

A

done with Ca(cancer), is the same procedure as a total hysterectomy but also involves the removal of the upper part of the vagina

32
Q

What is an salpingectomy?

A

Removal of fallopian tube

33
Q

What is an oophorectomy?

A
  • Removal of ovary
    **Bilateral oophorectomy ** - both ovaries removed, results in surgical menopause
34
Q

What is the potential problems of a hysterectomy?

A

hemorrhage, DVT, bladder dysfunction

35
Q

What is chocolate cysts in endometriosis?

A

nodules in ovaries

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