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Jason's MD2 Foundation Lectures > Respiratory Examination > Flashcards

Respiratory Examination Flashcards

1
Q

3 Respiratory causes of clubbing?

A
  1. suppurative lung disease (TB, lung abscess, bronchiectasis)
  2. non-small cell cancer
  3. pulmonary fibrosis
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2
Q

what is NOT a respiratory cause of clubbing?

A

COPDbronchitis

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3
Q

physiologically, what encourages nail clubbing?

A

hypercapnoea

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4
Q

CXR, what do you need to determine which lobe consolidation is in?

A

lateral view

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5
Q

3 things on chest inspection

A
  1. movement
  2. ski changes
  3. chest shape
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6
Q

3 things you look for in neck for respiratory exam:

A

JVP
supraclavicular lymph nodes
trachea

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7
Q

what is normal chest expansion lateral in cm?

A

4cm<2cm = abormal

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8
Q

how do tactile fremitus?

A

say 99 with hands on chest

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9
Q

increased percussion note: 3 things:

A
  1. pneumothorax
  2. hyperinflation
  3. lung cyst
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10
Q

decreased percussion note: 5 things:

A

consolidation,
fibrosispleural fluid,
obesity
elevated hemidiaphragm

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11
Q

what does consolidation breath sounds like?

A

tracheal sounds

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12
Q

how does wheeze occur?

A

partial bronchial obstruction: airways

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13
Q

what is rhonchi?

A

wheeze

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14
Q

where is wheeze in asthma?

A

diffuse

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15
Q

where is wheeze in foreign body or tumour?

A

localised

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16
Q

where are crackles originate from?

A

terminal branches

17
Q

2 mechanisms of crackles?

A
  1. bubbling of air through secretions

2. sudden opening of collapsed airways

18
Q

5 causes of crepitations:

A
  1. pulmonary oedema
  2. pulmonary fibrosis
  3. pneumonia
  4. bronchiectasis
  5. atelectasis
19
Q

crackles high or low pitched?

A

high pitched

20
Q

pleural rub is high or low pitched?

A

low pitched

21
Q

how to check if real crackles?

A

cough and reassess

22
Q

how long is normal vs. abnormal forced expiratory time?

A

6 = pathology

23
Q

signs of cor pulmonale?

A

rasied JVPperipheral oedema

24
Q

what is V wave vs. cannon wave?

A

V-wave: tricuspid regurg during ventricular contraction

Cannon wave: heart block: atria contracts against closed tricuspid

25
Q

how does percussion sound with pleural effusion?

A

decreased

26
Q

3 causes of pleural effusion and their breath sounds:

A
  1. blood, pus: decreased
  2. consolidation: increased
  3. raised hemidiaphragm: decreased
27
Q

pulmonary hypertension features:4

A
  1. palpable RV heave/2nd hear sound
  2. loud H2
  3. 4th heart sound
  4. pulmonary flow murmur

Jason's MD2 Foundation Lectures (18 decks)

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