Respiratory drugs Flashcards
What are some examples of inhaled antimuscarinics, how do they work and what are they used for?
ipratropium, tiotropium, glycopyrronium, aclidinium
They reduce smooth muscle tone and reduce secretion
used to treat acute breathlessness in COPD and asthma
What are some adverse reactions of inhaled antimuscarinics?
irritation of respiratory tract
antimuscarinic effects - dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, headaches
(these effects are rarer when inhaled)
What are some warnings and interactions of inhaled antimuscarinics?
don’t use in angle-closure glaucoma, arrhythmias, urinary retention
no interactions with inhaled
What are some examples of B2-agonists, what are they used for and how do they work?
salbuamol, salmeterol, terbutaline, formoterol, indacaterol
for asthma, COPD and hyperkalaemia
they cause small muscle relaxation and shift of K+ from extracellular to intracellular compartment
What are some important adverse effects of B2-agonists?
tachycardia, tremor, palpitations, anxiety, muscle cramps
What are some important warnings and interactions with B2-agonsits?
asthma - must be prescribed with inhaled corticosteroid
caution with cardiovascular disease
beta blockers can reduce effect of B2-agonists
What are some examples of inhaled corticosteroids, how do they work and what are their use?
beclometasone, budesonide, fluticasone
asthma and COPD
reduce mucosal inflammation, widen airways and reduces mucus
What are some adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids?
oral candidiasis, hoarse voice
What are some cautions and interactions of inhaled corticosteroids?
caution in COPD patients with history of pneumonia
caution in children where there is potential for growth suppresssion
no significant interactions
What is an example of leukotriene receptor antagnoists, what are they used for and how do they work?
montelukast
used to treat asthma
decrease inflammation and bronchoconstriction
What are some SE of leukotriene receptor antagonists?
headache, abdo pain
URTI
hyperactive
What are some warnings and interactions of leukotriene receptor antagonists?
only on poorly controlled asthma
caution in pregnancy
not any significant interactions
What are adverse reactions of nicotine replacement?
local irration, GI upset
What are warnings and interactions with nicotine replacment?
haemodynamically unstable
no interactions
