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PSA questions > Psych > Flashcards

Psych Flashcards

1
Q

What are the indicators of first generation antipsychotics and some examples?

A

psychomotor agitation, nausea and vomiting
schizophrenia, bipolar
haloperidol, chlopromazapine, prochlorperazine

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action for haloperidol?

A

block post-synaptic D2 receptors

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3
Q

What are some adverse affects of haloperidol?

A

extrapyramidal
acute dystonic reactions - parkinsonian movements, akathisia
neuroleptic malignant syndrome - rigidity, confusion
drowsy, hypotension, QT prolongation, erectile dysfunciton

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4
Q

What are some warnings of haloperidol?

A

elderly, dementia, PD

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5
Q

What are important interactions of haloperidol?

A

drugs that prolong QT e.g. amiodarone

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6
Q

Name some acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and how they work

A

donepezil, rivastigmine

increase the availability of acetylcholine which improves cognitive function and slows rate of cognitive decline

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7
Q

What is the indication for acetylcholinesaterase inhibitors?

A

alzheimer’s disease and dementia in PD

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8
Q

What are some adverse effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

A

nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting
asthma and COPD can worsen symptoms
peptic ulcers, bleeding, bradycardia, heart block
hallucinations, aggressive behaviour
extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome

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9
Q

What are some warnings with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

A

asthma, COPD
peptic ulcer
heart block
PD disease

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10
Q

What are some important interactions with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

A

NSAIDs, corticosteroids can increase risk of peptic ulcers

antipsychotics can worsen risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome

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11
Q

What are the indications of amitriptyline?

A

second line depression treatment?

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of amitriptyline?

A

inhibits neuronal reuptake of 5-HT and noradrenaline

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13
Q

What are some adverse reactions of amitriptyline?

A 
antimuscarinic - dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, hypotension
arrhthymias
convulsions, hallucinations 
breast changes, sexual dysfunction 
extrapyramidal symptoms 
overdose, withdrawal
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14
Q

What are some warnings of amitriptyline?

A

elderly patients, epilepsy, CVS prostatic hypertrophy, glaucoma, constipation

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15
Q

What are some interactions of amitriptyline?

A

monoamine oxidase inhibitors

can augment antimuscarinic, sedative or hypotension

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16
Q

What are examples of SSRIs and how does it work?

A

citalopram, fluoxetine, sertraline, escitalopram

inhibits neuronal reuptake of 5-HT

17
Q

What are indications of SSRIs?

A

depression
panic disorder
OCD

18
Q

What are important adverse reactions of SSRIs?

A 
GI upset, appetite, hypersensitivity 
hyponatraemia 
suicidal thoughts and behaviour 
lower seizure threshold 
prolong QT
increase risk of bleeding 
serotonin syndrome 
sudden withdrawal
19
Q

What are warnings of SSRs?

A

epilepsy
peptic ulcer disease
young people
hepatic impairment

20
Q

What are interactions with SSRIs?

A 
monoamine oxidase inhibitors 
serotonergic drugs 
gastroprotection with SSRIs
drugs that prolong QT 
bleeding risk with anticoagulants
21
Q

What are indications of venlafaxine and mirtazapine?

A

depression, GAD

22
Q

What are mechanism of action of venlafaxine and mirtazapine?

A

increase availability of monoamines for neurotransmission

23
Q

What are adverse efects of venlafaxine and mirtazapine?

A 
GI upset, neuro effects 
hyponatraemia, serotonin syndrome 
suicide 
long QT
sudden drug withdrawal
24
Q

What are warnings of venlafaxine and mirtazapine?

A

elderly
hepatic or renal impairment
arrhythmias

25
Q

What are important interactions of venlafaxine and mirtazapine?

A

serotonin syndrome

26
Q

What is necessary with lithium prescribing?

A

keep same brand

27
Q

What needs monitoring if prescribed lithium?

A 
thyroid and renal function 
BMI 
calcium
- do at baseline and every 6 months 
serum lithium concentration - every 3 months
28
Q

What are some examples of second generation antipsychotics, what are they used for and how do they work?

A

quetiapine, olanzapine, risperidone, clozapine
to treat psychomotor agitation, schizoprenia, bipolar
blocks post-synaptic dopamine D2 receptors

29
Q

What are some important adverse effects of second generation antipsychotics?

A 
sedation
extrapyramidal effects 
metabolic disturbance -weight gain 
prolong QT 
breast symptoms, sexua dysfunction
clozapine - reduces neutrophils, myocarditis
30
Q

What are some warnings and interactions of second generation antipsychotics?

A

cardiovascular disease, neutropenia

don’t prescribe with other drugs that block dopamine or prolong QT interval

31
Q

What are some examples of benzodiazepines and what are they used for?

A

diazepam, tamazepam, lorazepam, chlordiazepoxide, midazolam

first line seizures, alcohol withdrawal, sedation, anxiety and insomnia

32
Q

What are some adverse reactions of benzos?

A

drowsy, sedation, coma, overdose, airway obstruction, death, dependence and withdrawal

33
Q

What are some warnings and interactions of benzos?

A

caution in elderly
avoid in respiratory impairment, NM disease, liver failure
don’t give with other sedating drugs
need CYP to be elimnated

PSA questions (14 decks)

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