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PSA questions > Anaesthetics and A&E > Flashcards

Anaesthetics and A&E Flashcards

1
Q

What are common uses of lidocaine?

A

local anaesthetic

uncommon - antiarrythmic for VT/VF

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2
Q

How does lidocaine work?

A

blocks voltage-gated sodium channels to prevent initiation of action potentials in nerves and muscles

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3
Q

What are important adverse effects of lidocaine?

A

stinging, drowsiness, restlessness, tremor, fits

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4
Q

What are some warnings for lidocaine?

A

redcued cardiac output

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5
Q

What are some important interactions for lidocaine?

A

adrenaline can prolong effect

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6
Q

What is the indication for naloxone?

A

opioid overdose

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7
Q

How does nalaxone work?

A

it is competitive antagonist for opioid receptor

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8
Q

What are important adverse reactions to naloxone?

A

withdrawal reaction - restlessness, nausea, cold

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9
Q

What are warnings for nalaxone?

A

opioid dependance

palliative care - avoid complete reversal

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10
Q

What are interactions for nalaxone?

A

N/A

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11
Q

What are the indications for oxygen?

A

hypoxia, CO poisoning, treating pneumothorax

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of oxygen?

A

increases delivery of oxygen to tissue, shorten half life of CO

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13
Q

What are adverse effects of oxygen?

A

uncomfortable device, lack of water vapour (dry)

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14
Q

What are the warnings of oxygen?

A

COPD high O2 can cause high CO2

oxygen is flamable

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15
Q

What are the interactions with oxygen?

A

N/A

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16
Q

What are the indications of paracetamol?

A

first line analgesic

reduce fever

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17
Q

What is the mechanism of action of paracetamol?

A

weak inhibitor of COX

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18
Q

What are the adverse reactions of paracetamol?

A

overdose

liver toxicity/failure

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19
Q

What are the interactions with paracetamol?

A

CYP inducers increase risk of liver toxicity

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20
Q

What are the warnings with paracetamol?

A

chronic excessive alcohol misuse, malnutirition, <50kg, severe hepatic impairment

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21
Q

What are common indicators of morphine?

A

acute severe pain
chronic pain
reduce breathlessness

22
Q

What is the mechanism of action of morphine?

A

activation of opioid receptors

reduce sympathetic nervous system

23
Q

What are the adverse reactions of morphine?

A 
respiratory or neuro depression 
nausea and vomiting 
pupillary constriction 
constipation
itching 
tolerance, dependance, withdrawal
24
Q

What are the warnings of morphine?

A

hepatic, renal, respiratory failure
elderly
biliary colic

25
Q

What are the interactions of morphine?

A

Other sedating drugs

26
Q

What is acetylcystine and how does it work?

A

it is usec to treat paracetamol poisoning , to reduce viscosity of respiratory secretions
glutathione combines so paracetamol is not toxic - it replenishes glutathione supplies, has antioxident effects

27
Q

What are adverse effects of acetylcysteine?

A

anaphylactoid reaction

bronchospasm

28
Q

What are warnings of acetylcysteine?

A

previous anaphlaxis - be cautious

29
Q

What are interactions with acetylcysteine?

A

N/A

30
Q

What are common indications of activated charcoal?

A

reduce absorption of poisons

31
Q

What is the mechanism of action of activated charcoal?

A

molecules adsorb to the surface of the charcoal so their absorption is reduced

32
Q

What are adverse reactions of activated charcoal?

A

can aspirate charcoal = pneumonitis, bronchospasm, airway obstruction
intestinal obstruction
black stools and vomiting

33
Q

What are warnings of activated charcoal?

A

Do not give to patients with decreased consciousness

persistent vomiting, reduced gut motility

34
Q

What are important interactions with activated charcoal?

A

reduces absorption of therapeutic drugs too

35
Q

What is the indications of ondansetron?

A

anti-emetic

36
Q

What are the adverse reactions of ondasetron?

A

constipation, diarrhoea, headaches

37
Q

What are the warnings of ondasetron?

A

it can prolong QT interval

38
Q

What are interactions of ondasetron?

A

drugs that prolong QT intervals

39
Q

What is propofol and its indication?

A

it is an anaesthesia used for induction or maintainence of sedation

40
Q

What are adverse reactions of propofol?

A

apnoea, arrhythmias, headache, hypotension, localised pain, nausea, vomiting

41
Q

What are cautions of propofol?

A

shock, cardiac problems, elderly, epilepsy, fixed CO, hypotension, hypovolaemia, raised ICP, respiratory impairment

42
Q

What are interactions with propofol?

A

other drugs that cause hypotension or CNS depression

Valporate can increase concentration of propofol

43
Q

What are indications of adrenaline?

A

anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, induce local vasoconstriction

44
Q

What is mechanism of action of adrenaline?

A

potent agonist of adrenoreceptors = vasocontriction, bronchodilation, redistribution of blood flow to heart, suppression of inflammatory mediator release from mast cells

45
Q

What are some adverse reactions of adrenaline?

A

hypertension, anxiety, tremor, headache, palpitations

angina, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias

46
Q

What are some warnings of adrenaline?

A

no contraindications in cardiac arrest and anaphylaxis

heart disease - vasocontriction

47
Q

What are some interactions with adrenaline?

A

beta blockers - can cause widespread vasoconstriction

48
Q

What are some weak/moderate opioids?

A

tramadol, codeine, dihydrocodeine

49
Q

What are some adverse effects of weak/moderate opioids?

A

nausea, constipation, dizzy, drowsy

neurological and respiratory depression

50
Q

What are some warnings and interactions of weak/moderate opioids?

A

significant respiratory disease, renal or hepatic impairment, elderly, epilepsy
don’t prescribe with other sedating drugs, drugs that lower seizure thresholds, serotonergic drugs

PSA questions (14 decks)

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