Respiratory Drugs

Question 1

Respiratory drugs are commonly used to?

Answer 1

Control the symptoms of respiratory tract disease by restoring normal function

Question 2

Normal respiratory tract anatomy’s & physiology includes?

Answer 2

1. Nasal Cavity
2. Pharynx
3. Larynx
4. Trachea
5. Bronchi
6. Bronchioles
7. Alveoli

Question 3

Functions of the respiratory tract?

Answer 3

1. Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide Exchange
2. Body Temperature Regulation
3. Voice Production

Question 4

Maintenance of the respiratory tract?

Answer 4

The environment within the respiratory tract must be highly humid & free of foreign objects.
1. Nasal Hairs - Filters out large particles
2. Nasal Turbinates (Concha) - Traps small particles & warms/humidifies the outside air
3. Mucociliary Clearance - Traps small particles in mucus & than are excreted by a wavelike action of the cilia
4. Coughing & Sneezing - Expel foreign debris forcefully
5. Laryngospasm & Bronchoconstriction - Prevent introduction of foreign debris into the respiratory tract

Question 5

Antitussive drugs are?

Answer 5

Drugs that block the cough reflex

Question 6

What are the two types of antitussives used in vet med?

Answer 6

1. Centrally Acting Antitussives
2. Locally Acting Antitussives

Question 7

Centrally acting antitussives work by?

Answer 7

Suppressing the cough center in the central nervous system

Question 8

Locally Acting Antitussives work by?

Answer 8

Preventing irritation to the respiratory tract
*Cough Drops

Question 9

Opioid Analgesic Antitussive Drugs are what type of antitussive?

Answer 9

Centrally acting cough suppressants

Question 10

Common opioid analgesic antitussives drugs used in vet med?

Answer 10

1. Butorphanol
2. Hydrocodone
3. Dextromethorphan
4. Codeine

Question 11

Butorphanol is what type of antitissuvie?

Answer 11

Opioid analgesic antitussive
Centrally acting cough suppressant

Question 12

Is Butorphanol a controlled drug?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

Butorphanol effects?

Answer 13

Centrally acting cough suppressant
Causes little sedation at antitussive dose

Question 14

Hydrocodone is what type of drug?

Answer 14

Opioid Analgesic Antitussive Drug

Question 15

Hydrocodone effects?

Answer 15

Centrally acting cough suppressant
May cause sedation
May cause constipation
Provides analgesia
*Controlled drug

Question 16

Dextromethorphan

Answer 16

Common ingredient inhuman nonprescription cold & flu medication

Question 17

Codeine

Answer 17

Found in many human cough suppressants
May cause duration
Controlled drug

Question 18

Mucolytic drugs are?

Answer 18

Drugs that reduce the viscosity of mucus in the respiratory tract
*Viscosity of mucus may increase during infection &/or inflammation

Question 19

Common Mucolytic drugs used in vet med?

Answer 19

Acetylcysteine
*Trade Name: Mucomust

Question 20

Acetylcysteine administration?

Answer 20

By using a nebulizer

Question 21

Acetylcysteine is the drug of choice to treat?

Answer 21

Acetaminophen toxicity

Question 22

Expectorant drugs are?

Answer 22

Drugs that increase the fluid consistency of mucus in the respiratory tract. Acts by stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system system receptors to increase respiratory fluid secretions

Question 23

What are the two forms for expectorant drugs?

Answer 23

1. Oral Medications
2. Inhaled Vapors

Question 24

What are two commonly used expectorant drugs in vet med?

Answer 24

1. Guaifenesin or Saline Solutions
2. Inhaled Vapors

Question 25

Bronchodilator drugs are used to?

Answer 25

Relieve bronchoconstriction

Question 26

Bronchonstriction can be caused by?

Answer 26

1. Parasympathetic nervous system stimulation - Organophosphate toxicity - Histamine Release (Asthma) 2. Prevention of Sympathetic nervous system stimulation by drugs that block its receptors - Think when your running you need your lungs to expand fully but when your at rest they can constrict (relax)

Question 27

What are examples of bronchodilator drugs?

Answer 27

1. Beta-Adrenergic Agonists 2. Methylxanthines

Question 28

Beta-Adrenergic Agonist work by?

Answer 28

stimulating sympathetic nervous system system receptors (∫B-2) involved in bronchodilation & stabilization of mast cells

Question 29

Methylaxanthines work by?

Answer 29

Causing bronchodilation by interfering with smooth muscle cell metabolism

Question 30

Methylxanthines may cause?

Answer 30

Central Nervous System Stimulation & GI upset

Question 31

Methylxanthines have a narrow or wide therapeutic range?

Answer 31

Narrow

Question 32

Methylxanthines is metabolized in the?

Answer 32

Liver

Question 33

Glucocorticoids clinical use as a respiratory drug?

Answer 33

- Parenteral formulations recommended for short term use during acute respiratory problems (Allergic reactions/Asthma). - Decreased inflammation & edema - Inhaled recommended for long term control

Question 34

Antihistamines clinical use as a respiratory drug?

Answer 34

Block histamine receptors in smooth muscle of bronchioles to prevent bronchoconstriction

Question 35

Diuretics clinical use as a respiratory drug?

Answer 35

- Removal of accumulated fluid from the lungs - Nebulize & coupage if possible to aid in the removal of respiratory secretions