Antibiotics Flashcards
Penicillin is effective against what type of bacteria?
Gram + bacteria
Penicillins Mechanism of action is?
◦ Interfere w/ formation of bacterial cell wall in actively growing bacteria
Penicillin is eliminated by
mostly by the kidney in an unchanged form:
Penicillin Resistant Gram + bacteria secrete what that disrupts the structure of the Pencillin molecule?
β-lactamase enzyme
Do not use Penicillin with what type of antibiotic?
Bacteriostatic antibiotics
Penicillin is not effective against what type of bacteria?
Gram - Bacteria
Pencillin Withdrawal Times are?
‣ Milk: 3 days
‣ Meat: 28 days
Cephalosporins Spectrum of Activity:
◦ First Generation: Gram + bacteria
◦ Second & Third Generation: Gram + & some Gram - bacteria
◦ Ineffective against penicillin resistant bacteria
Cephalosporins are often prescribed during?
during GI and/or orthopedic surgeries
Aminoglycosides Mechanism of Action:
◦ Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by attaching to the bacterial ribosome
Aminoglycosides is effective against what time of bacteria?
Gram -
Aminoglycosides drugs end in?
- “mycin”
Aminoglycosides drug examples?
◦ Gentamicin
◦ Amikacin
◦ Kanamycin
◦ Neomycin
◦ Streptomycin
◦ Tobramycin
Quinolones drugs end in?
- “floxacin”
Quinolones drug example
◦ Enrofloxacin
◦ Marbofloxacin
◦ Orbifloxacin
◦ Ciprofloxacin
Quinolones are effective against?
Proven efficacy against most Gram - and some Gram + bacteria
Aminoglycosides are not well absorbed in the?
GI & Uterus
Aminoglycosides tend to accumulate in what tissue?
The inner ear & kidneys
Genatamicin, Amikacin Kanamycin, & Tobramycin should not be mixed with
penicillin
Tetracyclines Mechanism of Action:
◦ Bind to bacterial ribosomes & disrupt protein synthesis
Tetracyclines Spectrum of Activity:
Effective against Gram + and Gram - bacteria
‣ Rickettsia
‣ Spirochetes
‣ Chlamydia
‣ Mycoplasma
Do not use Tetracyclines in Combination with:
‣ Pencillins
‣ Cephalosporins
Sulfonamides & Potentiated Sulfonamides mechanism of action?
Interfere with the formation of folic acid by bacteria
Sulfonamides & Potentiated Sulfonamides spectrum of activity:
• Effective against Gram + & Gram - & some Protozoa
• Coccidea infections
Sulfonamides & Potentiated Sulfonamides may cause?
KCS dry eye
Metronidazole is effective against?
• Effective against anaerobic bacteria & some Protozoa
◦ Anaerobic Bacteria: Clostridium
◦ Protozoa: Giardia
Metronidazole is Prescribed when?
• for GI tract infections including diarrhea
• Anti-inflammatory effect in the GI tract
◦ Decreases diarrhea volume
◦ Can be prescribed for anxiety diarrhea as well
Metronidazole toxicity dose is?
Toxicity dose: 25mg/kg
Lincosamides is used to treat?
• Often used to treat Gram + anaerobic bacterial infections in animals
Lincosamides Mechanism of Action:
◦ Bind to bacterial ribosome & interfere with protein synthesis
Lincosamides Spectrum of Activity:
◦ Effect against dental infections and:
‣ Gram + bacteria
‣ Anaerobic bacteria
‣ Protozoa (Toxoplasma)
Chloramphenicol is?
• Powerful broad spectrum antibiotic
• Only used occasionally in animals when nothing else is working
◦ The microbe is resistant against all other Abx
• Should not be used in food animals
Chloramphenicol Mechanism of Action:
◦ Binds the bacterial ribosome & interferes w/ protein synthesis
Chloramphenicol Spectrum of Activity:
◦ Effective vs. G+ and G- bacteria
‣ Rickettsia
‣ Chlamydia
‣ Mycoplasma
Chloramphenicol is metabolized by the?
Liver
Chloramphenicol is eliminated in the?
urine & bile
what species has a decreased ability to metabolize chloramphenicol
Cats
Chloramphenicol cannot be used in combination with?
penicillins or cephalosporins
