Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin is effective against what type of bacteria?

A

Gram + bacteria

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2
Q

Penicillins Mechanism of action is?

A

◦ Interfere w/ formation of bacterial cell wall in actively growing bacteria

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3
Q

Penicillin is eliminated by

A

mostly by the kidney in an unchanged form:

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4
Q

Penicillin Resistant Gram + bacteria secrete what that disrupts the structure of the Pencillin molecule?

A

β-lactamase enzyme

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5
Q

Do not use Penicillin with what type of antibiotic?

A

Bacteriostatic antibiotics

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6
Q

Penicillin is not effective against what type of bacteria?

A

Gram - Bacteria

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7
Q

Pencillin Withdrawal Times are?

A

‣ Milk: 3 days
‣ Meat: 28 days

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8
Q

Cephalosporins Spectrum of Activity:

A

◦ First Generation: Gram + bacteria
◦ Second & Third Generation: Gram + & some Gram - bacteria
◦ Ineffective against penicillin resistant bacteria

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9
Q

Cephalosporins are often prescribed during?

A

during GI and/or orthopedic surgeries

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10
Q

Aminoglycosides Mechanism of Action:

A

◦ Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by attaching to the bacterial ribosome

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11
Q

Aminoglycosides is effective against what time of bacteria?

A

Gram -

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12
Q

Aminoglycosides drugs end in?

A
  • “mycin”
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13
Q

Aminoglycosides drug examples?

A

◦ Gentamicin
◦ Amikacin
◦ Kanamycin
◦ Neomycin
◦ Streptomycin
◦ Tobramycin

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14
Q

Quinolones drugs end in?

A
  • “floxacin”
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15
Q

Quinolones drug example

A

◦ Enrofloxacin
◦ Marbofloxacin
◦ Orbifloxacin
◦ Ciprofloxacin

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16
Q

Quinolones are effective against?

A

Proven efficacy against most Gram - and some Gram + bacteria

17
Q

Aminoglycosides are not well absorbed in the?

A

GI & Uterus

18
Q

Aminoglycosides tend to accumulate in what tissue?

A

The inner ear & kidneys

19
Q

Genatamicin, Amikacin Kanamycin, & Tobramycin should not be mixed with

A

penicillin

20
Q

Tetracyclines Mechanism of Action:

A

◦ Bind to bacterial ribosomes & disrupt protein synthesis

21
Q

Tetracyclines Spectrum of Activity:

A

Effective against Gram + and Gram - bacteria
‣ Rickettsia
‣ Spirochetes
‣ Chlamydia
‣ Mycoplasma

22
Q

Do not use Tetracyclines in Combination with:

A

‣ Pencillins
‣ Cephalosporins

23
Q

Sulfonamides & Potentiated Sulfonamides mechanism of action?

A

Interfere with the formation of folic acid by bacteria

24
Q

Sulfonamides & Potentiated Sulfonamides spectrum of activity:

A

• Effective against Gram + & Gram - & some Protozoa
• Coccidea infections

25
Q

Sulfonamides & Potentiated Sulfonamides may cause?

A

KCS dry eye

26
Q

Metronidazole is effective against?

A

• Effective against anaerobic bacteria & some Protozoa
◦ Anaerobic Bacteria: Clostridium
◦ Protozoa: Giardia

27
Q

Metronidazole is Prescribed when?

A

• for GI tract infections including diarrhea
• Anti-inflammatory effect in the GI tract
◦ Decreases diarrhea volume
◦ Can be prescribed for anxiety diarrhea as well

28
Q

Metronidazole toxicity dose is?

A

Toxicity dose: 25mg/kg

29
Q

Lincosamides is used to treat?

A

• Often used to treat Gram + anaerobic bacterial infections in animals

30
Q

Lincosamides Mechanism of Action:

A

◦ Bind to bacterial ribosome & interfere with protein synthesis

31
Q

Lincosamides Spectrum of Activity:

A

◦ Effect against dental infections and:
‣ Gram + bacteria
‣ Anaerobic bacteria
‣ Protozoa (Toxoplasma)

32
Q

Chloramphenicol is?

A

• Powerful broad spectrum antibiotic
• Only used occasionally in animals when nothing else is working
◦ The microbe is resistant against all other Abx
• Should not be used in food animals

33
Q

Chloramphenicol Mechanism of Action:

A

◦ Binds the bacterial ribosome & interferes w/ protein synthesis

34
Q

Chloramphenicol Spectrum of Activity:

A

◦ Effective vs. G+ and G- bacteria
‣ Rickettsia
‣ Chlamydia
‣ Mycoplasma

35
Q

Chloramphenicol is metabolized by the?

A

Liver

36
Q

Chloramphenicol is eliminated in the?

A

urine & bile

37
Q

what species has a decreased ability to metabolize chloramphenicol

A

Cats

38
Q

Chloramphenicol cannot be used in combination with?

A

penicillins or cephalosporins