Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS 251 (Pharmacology 1) > Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is bronchial asthma

A

Recurrent and reversible SOB.
Occurs when the airways of the lungs become narrow/obstructed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the diseases of the Lower respiratory tract

A

COPD, Asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

With bronchial asthma, the alveolar ducts and alveoli are ________, but airflow to them is ________.

A

Open; obstructed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are 2 symptoms of bronchial asthma

A

Wheezing
Difficulty breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List the 4 ways the airways of the lungs can narrow

A

Bronchospasms
Inflammation of the bronchial mucosa
Edema of the bronchial mucosa
Production of viscous mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the difference between and asthma attack and status asthmaticus

A

An asthma attack is a sudden onset of SOB
Status asthmaticus is a prolonged (several minutes to hours) asthma attack that does not respond to typical drug therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F: Status asthmaticus is not a medical emergency

A

False; it is a medical emergency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is COPD and what is it characterized by?

A

It’s a progressive respiratory disorder
It is characterized by chronic airflow limitation, systematic manifestations and significant comorbidities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is chronic bronchitis

A

Presence of cough and sputum for at least 3 months within a span of 2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 classes of bronchodilators?

A

B-adrenergic agonists
anticholinergics
Xanthine derivatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name a short and long acting B-adrenergic agonist

A

SABA: Salbutamol
LABA: Salmeterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name a long acting B-agonist and glucocorticoid steroid combo inhaler and when is it used

A

Budesonide and formoterol fumarate dihydrate (Symbicort)
Used as a reliever or rescue treatment for moderate to severe asthma when symptoms worsen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

when are b-adrenergic agonists indicated and what are they also referred to as

A

During acute asthma attacks because they quickly reduce airway constriction
Relief of bronchospasm resulting from COPD or asthma
Also used for hypotension and shock
AKA sympathomimetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 subtypes of B-adrenergics

A

Non-selective adrenergics
Non-selective B-adrenergics
Selective B2 drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do non-selective adrenergics target and name one

A

Stimulate B, B1 (cardiac) and B2 (resp) receptors
Epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do non-selective B-adrenergics target

A

Stimulate B1 and B2 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do selective B2 drugs target and name one

A

Only stimulate B2 receptors
Salbutamol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the MOA of B-adrenergic agonists

A

They begin at the specific receptor that is stimulated, smooth muscle is relaxed in the airway which results in bronchodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the contraindications of B-adrenergic agonists

A

Uncontrolled cardiac dysrhythmias
High risk of strokes (because of vasoconstrictive drug action)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the adverse effects of b-adrenergic agonists

A

Insomnia
Restlessness
Anorexia
Vascular headache
Hyperglycemia
Tremor
Cardiac stimulation
Anginal pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the interactions with B-adrenergic agonists

A

Less bronchodilation when used with B-blockers
MAOIs
Diabetic therapy (increases BG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the most commonly used B-adrenergic agonists

A

Salbutamol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T/F: Salmeterol (LABA) should always be used alone

A

False; It should never be used alone but in combo with an inhaled glucocorticoid steroid

24
Q

What is the maximum daily dose of salmeterol

A

One puff BID

25
Q

What is the MOA of anticholinergics

A

Ach causes bronchial constriction and narrowing of airways
Anticholinergics bind to the ACh receptors, preventing ACh from binding

26
Q

Name 2 anticholinergics

A

Ipratropium, tiotropium bromide monohydrate

27
Q

What are the indications for anticholinergics

A

Prevention of the bronchospasm associated with COPD; not used to manage acute symptoms

28
Q

What are the adverse effects of anticholinergics

A

Dry mouth/throat
Nasal congestion
Heart palpitations
GI distress
Urinary retention
Increased intraocular pressure
Headache
Coughing
Anxiety

29
Q

What is the most commonly used anticholinergic

A

Ipratropium

30
Q

Name 2 xanthine derivates and the general name for them

A

Caffeine and theophylline
Plant alkaloids

31
Q

What is the MOA of xanthine derivatives

A

Increase levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) by inhibiting the enzyme that breaks it down (phosphodiesterase)
Increased cAMP levels cause smooth muscle relaxation, bronchodilation and increased airflow

32
Q

How do xanthine derivatives cause cardiovascular stimulation

A

Increases force of contraction and HR, resulting in increased Cardiac output and increased blood flow to kidneys (diuretic effect)

33
Q

What are the indications for xanthine derivatives

A

Mild to moderate asthma
Adjunctively to treat COPD

34
Q

T/F: Xanthine derivatives are not used for management of acute asthma

A

True

35
Q

What are the contraindications for xanthine derivatives

A

Uncontrolled cardiac dysrhythmias
Seizure disorders
Hyperthyroidism
Peptic ulcers
Oral contraceptives

36
Q

What are the adverse effects of xanthine derivatives

A

Gastro reflux during sleep
Sinus tachycardia
Extrasystole
Palpitations
Ventricular dysrhythmias
Increased urination
Hyperglycemia

37
Q

What are other uses for caffeine

A

CNS stimulant or analeptic
Cardiac stimulant in infants with bradycardia
Increase respiratory drive in infants in the NICU

38
Q

What is the most common xanthine derivative

A

Theophylline

39
Q

When is injectable/IV theophylline used

A

Patients with status asthmaticus who have not responded to B-adrenergics such as epinephrine

40
Q

What are 2 types of nonbronchodilating respiratory drugs

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonists (montelukast)
Corticosteroids

41
Q

What is the MOA for leukotriene antagonists

A

Leukotrienes cause inflammation, bronchoconstriction and mucus production when triggered
Leukotrienes antagonists prevent leukotrienes from attaching to receptors in the lungs

42
Q

What are the indications of Leukotriene receptor antagonists

A

Prophylaxis and long term treatment of asthma
Treatment of allergic rhinitis

43
Q

When should improvements be seen when using montelukast

A

Symptoms should improve in about a week

44
Q

What are the contraindications of leukotriene receptor antagonists

A

Previous adverse drug reaction
Allergy to povidone, lactose, titanium dioxide or cellulose derivatives (all inactive ingredients in these drugs)

45
Q

What are the adverse effects of leukotriene receptor antagonists

A

Liver dysfunction
Nausea
Diarrhea
Headache

46
Q

What is the MOA of corticosteroids

A

Stabilization of membranes of cells that release broncho constricting substances (leukocytes)
Increase responsiveness of bronchi smooth muscle to b-adrenergic agonists
Reduces inflammation and enhances the activity of b-adrenergics

47
Q

Name 3 inhaled corticosteroids

A

Beclomethasone dipropionate
Budesonide
Fluticasone propionate

48
Q

What are the indications for inhaled corticosteroids

A

Persistent asthma
Concurrently with B-adrenergic agonists

49
Q

What are the contraindications of inhaled corticosteroids

A

Patients with sputum positive for candida bacteria
Patients with systemic fungal infection

50
Q

What are the adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids

A

Pharyngeal irritation
Coughing
Dry mouth
Oral fungal infections
Systemic effects (rare)

51
Q

What are some interactions with inhaled corticosteroids

A

Antidiabetics (increases BG)
Raises blood levels of immunosuppressants
Risk of hypokalemia with diuretics

52
Q

What happens when salbutamol is used too frequently

A

Loses its B2 specific actions and causes B1 receptor stimulation resulting in nausea, anxiety, palpitations, tremors and increased HR

53
Q

What are some foods that interact with xanthine derivatives

A

Charcoal-broiled, high-protein and low-carb food
They reduce serum levels of xanthines

54
Q

T/F: Smoking does not affect xanthine derivatives

A

F: It enhances xanthine metabolism

55
Q

What does the patient need to do after using an inhaled corticosteroid and what does it prevent

A

Patients must gargle and rinse mouth after using to prevent oral fungal infections

56
Q

What is a nursing consideration when administering a corticosteroid and a B-agonist bronchodilator

A

Use the bronchodilator several minutes before the corticosteroid so it has time to dilate the bronchi to receive the steroid

NURS 251 (Pharmacology 1) (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions