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NURS 251 (Pharmacology 1) > Antidiabetic Drugs part 1 > Flashcards

Antidiabetic Drugs part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are signs and symptoms of diabetes

A

polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, glycosuria, Weight loss, fatigue, Blurred vision

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2
Q

What is type 1 diabetes

A

Lack of insulin production or production of defective insulin

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3
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A

Insulin deficiency or resistance

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4
Q

What are the comorbid conditions or type 2 diabetes?

A

Obesity, Coronary heart disease, Dyslipidemia, Microalbuminemia(protein in urine), Hypertension and increased risk of blood clotting

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5
Q

What are the macrovascular (atherosclerotic plaque) conditions of diabetes?

A

Coronary arteries, cerebral arteries and peripheral vessels

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6
Q

What are the microvascular (capillary damage) conditions of diabetes?

A

Retinopathy, Neuropathy and Nephropathy

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7
Q

How often is screening recommended for patients over 40 years.

A

Every 3 years

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8
Q

What are the nonpharmacological interventions for type 1 and type 2?

A

Type 1: Insulin therapy. Type 2: Weight loss, Improved dietary habits, smoking cessation, reduced alcohol consumption, regular physical exercise.

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9
Q

What are the 4 major classes of insulin

A

Rapid-acting, short-acting, intermediate-acting, long-acting

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10
Q

What are the 4 types of antidiabetic drugs

A

Insulin, oral hypoglycemic, Combo of hypoglycemic drugs and insulin, injectable hypoglycemic drugs

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11
Q

Describe the onset, peak, and duration of rapid-acting insulin. What are the examples of it?

A

Onset: 10-15 minutes, Peak: 1-2 hours, Duration, 3-5 hours. insulin lispro (humalog), insulin aspart (novorapid)

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12
Q

How is rapid-acting insulin administered and when is the ideal time

A

SQ, or via continuous SQ infusion pump (no IV). Ideally before a meal

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13
Q

What is the onset, peak and duration of short-acting insulin? What are the examples of it?

A

Onset 30 mins, Peak: 2 to 3 hours, Duration 6.5 hours. Regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin ge Toronto)

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14
Q

How is short-acting insulin administered

A

IV bolus, IV infusion, IM, SQ

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15
Q

What is the onset, peak and duration of intermediate-acting insulins? What is an example of it?

A

Onset: 1-3 hours, Peak: 5 to 8 hours, Duration: Up to 18 hours. Insulin isophane suspension AKA NPH

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16
Q

Insulin NPH is _____ in appearance

A

Cloudy

17
Q

What is the onset, peak and duration of long-acting insulin glargine?

A

Onset: 90 minutes, No peak, Duration: 24 hours

18
Q

Insulin glargine is AKA

A

Basal insulin

19
Q

How is insulin detemir different from glargine?

A

Duration of action for determir is dose-dependent
Lower doses require twice daily dosing unlike once a day for glargine

20
Q

What is a fixed combination insulin?

A

Contains two different insulins: one intermediate and one rapid or short-acting.

21
Q

What are examples of fixed combination insulin?

A

Humulin 30/70, Novolin 30/70, 40/60, 50/50

22
Q

What are adverse effects of insulin therapy?

A

Hypoglycemia, Tachycardia, palpitations, Headaches, lethargy, tremors, blurred vision, dry mouth, hunger

23
Q

What drug interactions reduce the effects of insulin?

A

Beta-blockers, corticosteroids, epinephrine, furosemide, thyroid hormones

24
Q

What drug interactions enhance the effect of insulin?

A

Alcohol, anabolic steroids, sulfa drugs, ACE inhibitors, MAOIs, Propanolol and salicylates.

25
Q

What is Basal-Bolus insulin dosing

A

Delivers basal insulin constantly as a basal then as needed as a bolus
Basal is long acting (glargine)
Bolus is short-acting (lispro or aspart)
It is the preferred method

26
Q

What is the function of Amylin agonsists and when is it used?

A

Mimics the natural hormone amylin which suppresses glucagon secretion. It is used when other drugs have not achieved adequate glucose control.

27
Q

What is incretin mimetic ?

A

Mimics incretin hormones and enhances glucose-driven insulin secretion from beta cells

28
Q

What are adverse effects of amylin agonist

A

Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, headache

29
Q

What are the adverse effects of incretin mimetics?

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, hemorrhagic or necrotizing pancreatitis

NURS 251 (Pharmacology 1) (20 decks)

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