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ECVIM - Ca > Respiratory Disorders > Flashcards

Respiratory Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Which canine breeds are overrepresented for laryngeal paralysis ?

A

Labrador, Golden retriever, St Bernard, Newfoundland, Irish Setter and Brittany Spaniel

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2
Q

Which canine breed specifically presents redundant supra-arytenoid folds and laryngeal collapse ?

A

Norwich Terrier

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3
Q

Name extrapulmonary cough afferent ways (6)

A

Nose, nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, ear canals, diaphragm and pericardium

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4
Q

What is the lowest pulmonary nodule size that can detect a CT scan ?

A

1-2mm (Vs 7-9mm for radiography)

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5
Q

Of thoracic fluoroscopy and radiography, which one is the best to diagnose tracheal collapse ?

A

Fluoroscopy
(44% of incorrect localisation and 8% of missed cases with radiography)

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6
Q

With what tracheal disease is associated cervical lung lobe herniation ?

A

Collapse of intrathoracic trachea and major bronchi

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7
Q

What is the frequency of peripheral eosinophilia in dogs with eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy ?

A

60%

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8
Q

How many dogs with primary ciliary dyskinesia have a kartagener’s syndrom (bronchiectasis, situs Inversus, chronic rhinosinusitis) ?

A

50%

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9
Q

What mutation was identified for primary ciliary dyskinesia in old English sheepdog?

A

CCDC39

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10
Q

What is the most common cause of pneumothorax in cats ?

A

Asthma (25% of cases)

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11
Q

Which intestinal worms undergo pulmonary migration before the adult worm reaches its final destination in the intestine ?

A

Ancylostoma (hookworm) and Toxocara (roundworm)

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12
Q

What is the intermediate host of paragonimus kellicotti, the pulmonary parenchymal parasite ?

A

Crayfish

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13
Q

What is the intermediate host of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus ?

A

A mollusk

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14
Q

What is the intermediate host of Crenosoma vulpis ?

A

A mollusk

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15
Q

What are the intermediate and paratenic host of Angiostrongylus vasorum ?

A

Intermediate: Mollusk
Paratenic: Frog

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16
Q

Name the three mycobacterias of the tuberculosis type:

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bovis and microti

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17
Q

What type of Influenza virus can cause pneumonitis in dogs ?

A

H3N2 and H3N8

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18
Q

What type of Influenza virus can infect cats ?

A

H5N1 (avian) and H1N1 (human)

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19
Q

Pulmonary edema resorption depends on active Na and Cl transport. So what type of edema is more refractory to treatment and why ?

A

Non cardiogenic edema because the epithelial cells are injured and so active transport altered

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20
Q

How is established the diagnosis of pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis ? (To differentiate it of pulmonary lymphoma)

A

Only by biopsies

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21
Q

Which sex and canine breed are predisposed to eosinophilic pneumonia ?

A

Young, females, Husky, Malamute, Rottweiler

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22
Q

Which canine breeds are predisposed to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ?

A

Westie and Staffordshire Bull Terrier

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23
Q

Which canine breeds are predisposed to lung lobe torsion ?

A

Afghan hound and Pugs

24
Q

What is the definition of pulmonary hypertension?

A

A pulmonary arterial systolic pressure > 30mmHg (diastolic > 19mmHg)
According to the consensus highly probable hypertension >46mmHg

25
Q

What is the Bernoulli equation used to estimate the pulmonary arterial pressure ?

A

Pressure gradient = 4*(peak velocity)²

26
Q

What is the non dilated right atrial pressure ?

A

5mmHg

27
Q

What is the dilated right atrial pressure without right sided heart failure ?

A

10mmHg

28
Q

What is the dilated right atrial pressure with right sided heart failure ?

A

15mmHg

29
Q

In dyspneic dogs and cats, to what has been strongly associated paradoxical breathing ?

A

Pleural diseases

30
Q

Is pulmonary vascular scintigraphy more sensitive and specific in detecting and localising PTE than angiography?

A

Yes

31
Q

How can be sampled motile cilia for the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia?

A

Via nasal biopsy

32
Q

What SpO2 value is consistent with severe hypoxemia ?

A

<90%

33
Q

What value of PaO2 defines hypoxemia ?

A

<80mmHg

34
Q

What value defines an increase in A-a gradient ?

A

> 15mmHg

35
Q

What main troubles can provoke hypoxemia and increased A-a gradient ?

A

Ventilation/perfusion mismatch, right to left shunt and alveolar diffusion impairment

36
Q

What main troubles can provoke hypoxemia and normal A-a gradient ?

A

Low FiO2 and alveolar hypoventilation

37
Q

What is associated with cranial lung lobe herniation in dogs ?

A

Collapse of the intrathoracic trachea and of major bronchi

38
Q

Which type of drugs should not be used with theophylline ?

A

Fluoroquinolones due to secondary theophylline toxicosis

39
Q

What type of immune response is suspected in eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy in dogs ?

A

Th2 response

40
Q

True or false: Filaroides spp infections of the alveolar spaces and terminal bronchioles can result in superinfection in some immunosuppressed dogs

A

True

41
Q

True or false: Crenosoma vulpis can also provoke signs of the upper respiratory tract in dogs

A

True

42
Q

Why is non cardiogenic pulmonary edema more refractory to treatment ?

A

Because of the impairment of essential active NaCl transport of the epithelial cells

43
Q

What virus has been implicated as a cause of nasopharyngeal inflammatory polyp in cats ?

A

Calicivirus

44
Q

Which nerves innervate laryngeal muscles ?

A

The caudal laryngeal nerve (from the recurrent laryngeal nerve) innervates all but one innervated by the cranial laryngeal nerve

45
Q

Is temporary tracheostomy before surgery a negative prognostic factor in the dog ?

A

Yes

46
Q

With what type of respiratory disease has been strongly correlated paradoxical breathing pattern ?

A

Pleural space diseases

47
Q

What is strongly correlated with cranial lung lobe herniation?

A

Dynamic intrathoracic airway collapse

48
Q

What are the three criteria for the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis in dogs ?

A

Cough lasting >2months
Hypersecretion of mucus
Exclusion of other cardiopulmonary diseases

49
Q

What pathogen’s presence has been associated with eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy compared to chronic bronchitis ?

A

Bordetella bronchoseptica

50
Q

What is the most common cause of spontaneous pneumothorax in cats ?

A

Feline asthma

51
Q

What specific lesion can be seen on thoracic US in case of angiostrongylosis?

A

Small hypoechoic subpleural nodules (100% sensitive, 92% specific)

52
Q

Which breed is predisposed to chylothorax with or without lung lobe torsion ?

A

Afghan hound

53
Q

Name 1 condition associated with trapped lung

A

Chylothorax in cats leading to fibrosing/constrictive pleuritis

54
Q

What is gate keeping ?

A

The coordination of respiration and swallow

55
Q

When do most occur swallows in dogs ?

A

During the inspiratory phase

ECVIM - Ca (10 decks)

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