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ECVIM - Ca > Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Gastroenterology Flashcards

1
Q

Risk factors for acute pancreatitis ?

A
  • dietary indiscrétion
  • hypertriglyceridemia
  • hypercalcemia
  • drugs & toxins
  • endocrinopathies (cush, diabète)
  • breed predilection ( min schnauzer)
  • advance âge (> 7 yo)
  • overweight
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2
Q

Name and role of a specific treatment of pancreatitis ?

A

Fuzapladib : leukocyte function-associated antigen type 1 activation inhibitor
JVIM sept 2023 : administration safe and favorable clinical response

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3
Q

What campylobacters are supposed to be pathogenic (diarrhea)?

A

Campylobacter jejuni and coli

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4
Q

How is absorbed alimentary folate?

A

Folate polyglutamate is deconjugated by folate deconjugase on the proximal small intestine and then absorbed via the folate carriers in the proximal intestine

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5
Q

What is the goal of testing fecal alpha1-proteinase inhibitor?

A

To look for gastrointestinal albumin losses (same weight but not digested)

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6
Q

What is the target of antibodies in masticatory muscle myositis in dogs ?

A

2M fibers (antibody positive or immune complexes on biopsy are diagnostic)

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7
Q

What is craniomandibular osteopathy?

A

Woven bone proliferation of the mandibles and temporomandibular joints affecting small breed dogs

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8
Q

What is the main difference in oesophageal musculature between dogs and cats?

A

One third of striated muscles of the oesophagus are replaced by smooth muscles in cats

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9
Q

What are the four phases of swallowing?

A

Oral preparatory, oral, pharyngeal and oesophageal phases

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10
Q

True or false: cervical oesophageal transit is significantly delayed in lateral recumbency vs sternal recumbency in dogs

A

True

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11
Q

Name 2 main host pattern recognition receptor systems of the gastrointestinal tract

A

Toll-like receptors (TLR, transmembranaires) et Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD1 et NOD2, intracellulaires)

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12
Q

Name a gastric parasite of cats

A

Ollulanus tricuspis that can be transmitted via ingested vomitus

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13
Q

Name a gastric parasite of dogs (and cats)

A

Physaloptera spp. that can be transmitted by intermediate and paratenic hosts (cockroaches, beetles, lizards…)

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14
Q

What is the prognosis of gastric pythiosis (Pythium insidiosum)?

A

Poor (<25% of cure with medical therapy alone)

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15
Q

What is the prokinetic effect of erythromycin?

A

Release of motilin

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16
Q

What are the pacemaker cells of the small intestine ?

A

Interstitial cells of Cajal

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17
Q

What are the three phases of fasted small intestinal cycle?

A

Quiescent phase, minor contractile activity phase and migrating myoelectric complexes (MMC, stimulated by motilin)

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18
Q

What type of T cells is prevalent in the lamina propria of dogs ? And cats?

A

Dogs CD4 T cells
Cats CD8 T cells

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19
Q

True or false: pathogenic bacteria induced differentiation to Th17 cells

A

True

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20
Q

True or false: digestive viruses induce differentiation to Th1 cells

A

True

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21
Q

True or false: digestive parasites induce differentiation to Th2 cells

A

True

22
Q

True or false: IBD is related to abnormal induced Th17 response

A

True

23
Q

What are large volume of stool, melena, steatorrhoea, absence of tenesmus or mucus or urgency suggestive of?

A

Small intestine diarrhea

24
Q

What is the point of fecal calprotectin assay?

A

Measure intestinal inflammation (neutrophil elastase activity)

25
Q

What are EPEC, ETEC and EHEC ?

A

Enteropathic E.coli, enterotoxigenic E.coli and enterohemorrhagic E.coli

26
Q

What type of E.coli is associated with granulomatous colitis?

A

AIEC (adherent invasive E.coli)

27
Q

What is salmon poisoning in dogs?

A

Ingestion of Neorickettsia helminthoeca in the fluke Nanophyetus salmincola of the salmon (high fever, GI troubles, polyadenomegaly and high mortality)

28
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction should not be possible with an hydrolyzed diet?

A

Type I (IgE) but type IV (delayed) should still be possible (not with annalergenic)

29
Q

True or false: LPE of Basenjis is severe and occurs with concomitant hyperglobulinemia

A

True

30
Q

Where are encountered more frequently adenoma and carcinoma of the GI tract in dogs ? And in cats ?

A

Dogs: Large intestine (then duodenum)
Cats: Small intestine

31
Q

Where is the preferential localisation of smooth muscle tumors of the GI tract in dogs ? And in cats?

A

Dogs: jejunum and caecum
Cats: small intestine

32
Q

Name causes of intestinal pseudo-obstruction

A

Leiomyositis, sclerosing enteropathy, alimentary lymphoma (cats)

33
Q

What is the short bowel syndrome ?

A

The consequences of the absence/resection of 66-85% of small intestine

34
Q

What part of the GI tract does irrigate the caudal mesenteric artery?

A

Rectum and descending colon with anastomosis to the middle coloc artery (cranial mesenteric artery)

35
Q

What part of the GI tract does irrigate the cranial mesenteric artery?

A

All the GI tract (with anastomosis to le the left colic artery for descending colon and rectum)

36
Q

Which nerves supply the colon ?

A

Pelvic nerve for the distal colon and vagus nerve for the proximal colon

37
Q

What nervous plexus is present in the submucosa of the large intestine?

A

The submucosal plexus (Meissner’s plexus) with also interstitial cells of Cajal

38
Q

What nervous plexus is present in the muscularis of the large intestine?

A

Myenteric nerve plexus (Auerbach’s plexus)

39
Q

How is absorber water in the (proximal) colon?

A

Passive diffusion thanks to active absorption of sodium

40
Q

What are the 3 major contractions of the large intestine?

A

Ascending: rhythmic phasic contraction (mixing and absorption)
Transverse: retrograde giant contraction (antiperistaltis)
Descending: Giant migrating contraction

41
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system on the large intestine?

A

Restrict progression of the content and contracting the sphincters

42
Q

What might trigger the defecation reflex ?

A

Ingestion of a meal (gastrocolic reflex) or distension of the distal colon and rectum

43
Q

True or false: FIP can present as a pyogranulomatous mass at the ileocolic junction

A

True

44
Q

Where is found the highest concentration of giardia in dogs? And cats?

A

Dogs: duodenum
Cats: ileum

45
Q

By what cecal inversion may be predisposed (dog)?

A

Trichuris infection

46
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the rectoanal apparatus?

A

Via the hypogastric nerve (L1-L4+L5)
Inhibition of rectum and colon, stimulation of internal sphincter

47
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the rectoanal apparatus?

A

Pelvic nerve(S1-S3) stimulates the colon and rectum

48
Q

What is the somatic innervation of the rectoanal apparatus?

A

Pudendal nerve, contraction of the external anal sphincter

49
Q

What is the rectosphincteric inhibition reflex?

A

Inhibition of the internal anal sphincter due to intrarectal increased pressure

50
Q

True or false: a higher expression of relaxin receptors has been found in the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm of dogs with perineal hernia?

A

True (synthesized in the prostate gland)

ECVIM - Ca (9 decks)

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