Immunology and Hematology Flashcards
What is the mechanism of action of cyclosporin A ?
Calineurin and so Il-2 inhibition of LT
What is the mechanism of action of mycophenolate mofetil ?
Inhibition of de Novo purine biosynthesis
What is the mechanism of action of azathioprine ?
Competitive purine antagonism
What is the mechanism of action of leflunomide ?
Inhibition of de Novo pyrimidine biosynthesis
What is the mechanism of action of cyclophosphamide/chlorambucil ?
Alkylating agents (particularly cytotoxic to proliferating cells)
What pathway tests the prothrombin time/PT ?
The tissue factor (VII, extrinsic) and common pathway (X, V, prothrombin, fibrinogen)
What pathway tests the activated partial thromboplastin time/aPTT ?
The contact (XII, XI), intrinsic (VIII, IX) and common (X, V, prothrombin, fibrinogen) pathways
What are the factors affected for hemophilia A and B
Hemophilia A: factor VIII
Hemophilia B: factor IX
True or false: factor XII deficiency, common in cats, is frequently not associated with clinical bleedings
True
How does the hematocrit, fibrinogenemia and platelet count impact thromboelastometry ?
Increased hematocrit, hypofibrinogenemia and thrombocytopenia results in hypocoagulable state.
What drugs can be used to shorten thrombocytopenia in dogs with IMT ?
Vincristine and IV human Ig
True or false: VWf antigene concentration increases during pregnancy and peaks at parturition
True so this test should not be performed during pregnancy (risk of false negative for VW disease)
Is a ratio of (VWf:Antigene)/(VWf:Collagen Binding Activity) >2 suggestive of a VW disease type 2 ?
Yes (absence of large multimeres of VWf so reduced collagene binding activity)
What treatment (injectable or intranasal) can be used for VW disease treatment ?
Desmopressine
Which breed may be predisposed to Pelger Huet anomaly (hyposegmented neutrophil nuclei) ?
Australian Shepherd
Which breed is predisposed to leucocyte adhesion deficiency that provokes marked peripheral mature neutrophilia with absence of neutrophils in tissue ?
Irish Setter
What is the trapped neutrophil syndrome of the Border Collie ?
Peripheral neutropenia secondary to increased number of neutrophil in the bone marrow (trapped) +/- craniofacial development abnormalities
Which breeds are predisposed to X linked severe combined immunodeficiency (deficiency of Il-2 receptor and development of thymus) ?
Welsh corgi and Basset hound
To what disorder of hematopoiesis is predisposed the Gray Collie ?
Cyclic hematopoiesis (approximately 2 weeks periodicity)
True or false: Primary myelodysplastic syndrome are clonal disorders arising from mutations within hematopoietic cells and progenitor cells
True
True or false: many cases of feline myelodysplastic syndrome are attributable to FeLV
True
What are the features of Myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts ?
Dysplasia of all lineage with increased myeloblasts (worse prognosis)
What are the features of Myelodysplastic syndrome with refractory cytopenia ?
Erythroid dysplasia
What are the features of Myelodysplastic syndrome- refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia ?
Dysplasia of at least two lineage without increased meyloblasts
What is the name of polyarthritis associated with minimal periosteal new bone formation in cats ?
Feline periosteal proliferative arthritis
Are rheumatoid factors always elevated in case of rheumatoid polyarthritis ?
No (elevated in approximately 70% of cases)
What is type I hypersensitivity?
Hypersensitivity mediated by IgE and mast cell activation
What is type II hypersensitivity?
Hypersensitivity mediated by IgG/IgM cytotoxicity
What is type III hypersensitivity ?
Hypersensitivity mediated by immune complex deposition
What is type IV hypersensitivity?
Hypersensitivity and cytotoxicity mediated by cells
True or false: the SLE is associated with the allele DLA A7 in dogs and DRB1 locus in Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever
True
What cell is highly suggestive of SLE what found ?
The Lupus Erythematosus cell (Neutrophil that contains phagocytized nuclear material)
What interleukin stimulates eosinophils ?
Interleukine 5
What type of MHC class interact with the CD8 T cells?
MHC-I
What type of cytokines produces Th1 lymphocytes?
IL-2 and IFN-gamma
(and mediate cellular immunity by activating CD8 Tcells and macrophages)
What type of cytokines produces Th2 lymphocytes?
IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-13
And promotes B-cell activation and differenciation
What type of cytokines produces Th17 lymphocytes?
IL-17
What does Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR-4) recognize?
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
What does Toll Like Receptor 5 (TLR-5) recognize?
Flagellin
What are the three types of antigen presenting cells?
B lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells
Name two type of non specific tumor immunotherapy in veterinary medicine
BCG (bacille Calmette Guérin) and L-MTP (Liposome encapsulated Muramyl Tripeptide)
Which coagulation test has a strong correlation with rivaroxaban activity?
PT
What is the most common coagulation profile in dogs with acute hepatopathy and in dogs with chronic hepatopathy?
Acute: normo and hypocoagulable
Chronic: normo and hypercoagulable (sometimes hypocoagulable in advanced disease)
True or false: blood product older than 7-10 days is not associated with increased mortality rate in cases of hemolytic anemia
False, it is associated with increased mortality rate
What particular consequences might be observed in pyruvate kinase deficiency in dogs and not in cats ?
Myelofibrosis, osteosclerosis and hepatic hemosiderosis
What is the most frequent RBC abnormality indicative of oxidative damage in cats ? And in dogs ?
Cats: Heinz bodies
Dogs: Eccentrocytes
In dogs with ITP, which drug increases the risks of neutropenia after vincristine administration?
Ciclosporine
Is amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia associated with worse prognosis in dogs with ITP?
Yes, 14% of survival (vs 85%)
Which canine breed seems to be predisposed to immune mediated side effects, such as polyarthritis, of TMPS?
Doberman
Which form of AISBD is associated with predominantly mucocutaneous lesions ? Haired skin lesions ? Both ?
MMP: mucocutaneous lesions
BP: haired skin lesions
EBA: both
What is absent in LAD-1 in dogs ?
CD18
With which immunodeficiency is associated Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in dogs ?
Commune Variable Immunodeficiency
Which species has a sinusoidal spleen and which does not ?
Dogs: sinusoidal spleen
Cats: non sinusoidal spleen
Which are the predominant cytokines of “Th-1 pathway” ?
IL-2 and IFN-gamma
Which are the predominant cytokines of “Th-2 pathway” ?
IL-4; 5; 6; 10
Which CD is expressed as T-cell receptor?
CD3
Which CD is expressed as B-cell antigen receptor?
CD79
Which CD is expressed by MHC class II LT helper
CD4
Which CD is expressed by MHC class I cytotoxic LT?
CD8
By which lymphocytes is expressed CD21?
B lymphocytes
Which CD is expressed by all leucocytes ?
CD45
