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ECVIM - Ca > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

What may be the consequence of eating non-traditionnal diet (mainly pulse ingredients) in dogs ?

A

Larger left ventricular size and lower myocardial systolic performance (Owens et Al JVIM 2022) May predispose to DCM according other studies

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2
Q

What are the two sarcomeric mutation and breeds of cats predisposed to HCM?

A

Main coon: MyBPC3-A31P (Myosin Binding Protein C)
Ragdoll: MyBPC3-R820W

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3
Q

True or false: an increased cTnI is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death independent of LA size

A

True

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4
Q

What are the action of nitroglycerin and nitroprusside ?

A

Veinodilator and balanced vasodilator (respectively)

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5
Q

What class of molecule is sildenafil ?

A

A phosphodiesterase V inhibitor

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6
Q

What can cause premature atrial complex ?

A

Atrial distension, atrial tumors, hyperthyroidism, digitalis toxicosis….

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7
Q

What can cause atrial fibrillation in dogs ?

A

Atrial distension, anesthesia (especially opioids), hypothyroidism, pericardiocentesis…

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8
Q

Is atrial fibrillation a negative prognostic factor in dogs?

A

Yes, in dogs with CHF

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9
Q

What are the indications for defibrillation in dogs with atrial fibrillation?

A

Recent onset and absence of structural heart disease

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10
Q

True or false: cats with 3rd degree AV block may be asymptomatic and have long survival time

A

True

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11
Q

What is the main cause of atrial standstill?

A

Hyperkalemia

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12
Q

What are the 3 most common congenital heart diseases in dogs ?

A

PDA, pulmonic stenosis and subaortic stenosis

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13
Q

What are the 3 most common congenital heart diseases in cats?

A

Ventral septum defect, PDA, tricuspid and mitral valve dysplasia

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14
Q

How much time does it take for the ductus arteriosus to close in dogs ?

A

Less than 7-10 days after birth

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15
Q

What are the 3 categories of pulmonic stenosis based on systolic pressure gradient?

A

Mild (<50mmHg), moderate (50-80mmHg) and severe (>80mmHg)

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16
Q

What specific abnormality can be seen in English bulldog or boxer with subvalvular pulmonic stenosis?

A

Left coronary circling

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17
Q

True or false: myocardial infarction or fibrosis is frequent in dogs with subvalvular aortic stenosis

A

True, due to coronary modifications/degeneration presumed to high shear stress/wall tension

18
Q

Does the left heart and systemic circulation supply the respiratory system with blood ?

A

Yes, with the bronchial/bronchoesophageal arterial system (directly or anastomoses to pulmonary arteries)

19
Q

What sign can be present on thoracic radiographs of dogs with persistent right aortic arc ?

A

Leftward deviation of the trachea at the heart base

20
Q

Which factors may be associated with afebrile endocarditis in dogs ?

A

Aortic involvement and Bartonella infection

21
Q

For which dog breeds DCM is frequently diagnosed at young age?

A

Portuguese Water Dog and Toy Manchester Terrier

22
Q

What may be the most useful biomarker for occult DCM in dogs ?

A

NT-proBNP

23
Q

To what deficiency may be linked DCM in American Cocker Spaniels ?

A

Taurine deficiency

24
Q

True or false: Low protein diets (such for urate prevention) may have an impact on the development of DCM in Dalmatians

A

True

25
Q

What mutation of the Doberman has been associated with DCM development?

A

PKD4

26
Q

What does show histopathology of ARVC of boxers ?

A

Fibrous fatty infiltrate of the right ventricular free wall

27
Q

True or false: cTnI may increase in Boxers with ARVC but it is not always higher than control Boxers

A

True

28
Q

Does taurine deficiency in cats provokes retinal degeneration ?

A

Yes

29
Q

Is it better to evaluate taurine level on plasma or whole blood in cats ?

A

Whole blood because of high post prandial plasma level and low 24h-fasting plasma level

30
Q

True or false: The valentine-shaped heart is not specific for HCM and bilateral atrial enlargement in cats

A

True

31
Q

What abnormality can be seen on lateral thoracic XR of cats with peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia?

A

Persistence of the dorsal mesothelial remnant

32
Q

What is and what causes pulses paradoxus?

A

It is a decrease in arterial blood pressure during inspiration when there is a pericardial effusion

33
Q

What is the most common cause of pericardial effusion in the dog ?

A

Neoplasia

34
Q

Is thoracic XR sensitive or specific for the detection of pericardial effusion?

A

No

35
Q

True or false: pericardiectomy is indicated for dogs with pericardial effusion and heart base masses

A

True, it increased MST to 730days (vs 42)

36
Q

What is the most common cause of pericardial effusion in cats ?

A

CHF

37
Q

How much time does it takes for a dog to develop microfilaremia (D. Immitis)?

A

6-9months

38
Q

How long is the incubation period of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs?

A

2-3months

39
Q

True or false: not all cats exposed will develop mature heartworm infection and 50% of aborted infections will still provoke lesions (HARD)

A

True

40
Q

Is adulticide therapy recommended in cats with heartworm infection?

A

No, due to side effects and lack of evidence of increased survival/efficacity

41
Q

What is the mechanism of action of aspirin as an antiplatelet agent?

A

It irreversibly acetylates platelet cyclooxygenase preventing the formation of thromboxane A2

42
Q

What is the mechanism of action of clopidogrel?

A

Irreversible antagonism of ADP membrane receptor of platelets (inhibition of aggregation, vasoconstriction…),maximum effects after 3 days and stopped after 7 days after discontinuation

ECVIM - Ca (9 decks)

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