Respiratory disease in pigs and poultry

Question 1

List 3 viral respiratory diseases that pigs can get

Answer 1

PRRS
SIV
PCV-2

Question 2

List 6 bacterial respiratory diseases that pigs can get

Answer 2

Glasserella parasuis
mycoplasma hypopneumoniae
mycoplasma hyorhinis
streptococcus suis
pasturella multiocida
actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Question 3

Why is it important to vaccinate sows in the breeding herd

Answer 3

this protection can be passed down to the piglets

Question 4

how can piglets gain their own antibodies

Answer 4

through vaccination or exposure to the pathogen

Question 5

what is PRDC

Answer 5

Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex

Question 6

is pneumonia usually caused by one or multiple pathogens

Answer 6

multiple - usually viral and bacterial

Question 7

when you have bacterial pneumonia on PME sometimes treatment won’t work - why?

Answer 7

because a virus may be underlying the secondary bacterial infection

Question 8

List the clinical signs of PRDC

Answer 8

coughing
anorexia
lethargy
loss of body weight
increased hair gowth
dysponea
increased mortality

Question 9

how can we sample herds for PRDC

Answer 9

ELISA (blood / oral secretions)
OR
PCR (blood / oral secretions / nasal or tonsillar swabs)

Question 10

what PME samples can we do for PRDC

Answer 10

Histopathology
PCR
Tissue culture

Question 11

what are the best samples to take

Answer 11

swabs and fresh lung/heart tissue culture, preserved lung/heart tissue for histopath, fresh lung/spleen tissue for PCR

Question 12

Describe how to treat PRDC

Answer 12

antibiotics- different antibiotic depending on suspected cause
NSAIDs

Question 13

if you have results that are positive for PRRSV, what do you have to bare in mind

Answer 13

this positive result could be from the vaccine - you must PCR in order to see if it is a vaccine strain or a wild type strain

Question 14

what is snicking

Answer 14

coughing in birds - it is different due to their lack of diaphragm

Question 15

List 2 notifiable poiultry diseases

Answer 15

avian infleneza
newcastle disease

Question 16

why can respiratory diseases be lower in well planned stocking systems compared to free range birds

Answer 16

there are less stresses in stocking systems

Question 17

what immunity are we testing when we look for antibodies

Answer 17

humoral immuntity

Question 18

poultry body temperature

Answer 18

41.9-42

Question 19

normal chicken heart rate

Answer 19

350-470

Question 20

Normal female poutry resp rate

Answer 20

20-37

Question 21

what can ruffled feathers mean in poultry

Answer 21

pyrexia

Question 22

how can we diagnose poultry diseases

Answer 22

culture for bacteria
serology
tracheal swabs for PCR
virus isolation
histopathology

Question 23

why are antibiotics not usually used in poultry

Answer 23

usually the meat withdrawel time will be longer than the birds are kept

Question 24

5 routes of administration of poultry vaccines

Answer 24

drinking water
spray
intra-ocular
in ovo
injection

Question 25

Why can live vaccines not be given in the water

Answer 25

chlorinated mains water will kill the virus

Question 26

what do you do if you suspect a notifiable disease

Answer 26

report to APHA

Question 27

Describe treatment for respiratory diseases in poultry

Answer 27

antibiotics - commonly oxytatracycline but can depend on the pathogen present, booster vaccinations given, extra care with hygiene