Bacterial endocarditis and TRP Flashcards
What is more common cardiovascular disease: acquired or congenital
Acquired
What are the 2 most common forms or pericarditis
Traumatic reticulo-pericarditis- hard wire disease
Septic pericarditis
What 2 structures lie close together in the cow on either side of the diaphragm
pericardium and reticulum
How does traumatic reticulo-pericarditis occur
Ingestion of sharp linear FB
penetrates the reticular wall into pericardial sac through diaphragm
Where do the FB come from that cause TRP
wires from tyres used to weigh down silage cover
Describe how TRP affects cardiac function
Cardiac tamponade
reduced cardiac output
chronic heart failure
what is cardiac tamponade
when abnormal amounts of fluid accumulate in the pericardial sac compressing the heart and leading to a decrease in cardiac output and shock
Describe the early presenting signs seen with TRP
Tachycardia
Pain - withers test positive
rubbing/ friction sounds on auscultation
pyrexia
Describe the withers pinch test
looks for cranial abdominal or caudal thoracic pain
need to do twice
absence of response is indicative of pain
What are the later stage clinical signs of TRP
muffled heart sounds (bilateral)
difficulty palpating apex beat
pyrexia
signs related to congestive heart failure
What are the signs of congestive heart failure in a cow
jugular distension
ventral oedema
tachycardia
dyspnoea
injected scleral vessels
Where would you ultrasound for TRP diagnosis
ICS3-ICS5 on both sides
what are the complications of pericardiocentesis
pneumothorax
cardiac puncture
contamination of pleural space
What is the recommended treatment for early stages of TRP (before fibrinous septic pericarditis)?
Magnet
broad spectrum antibiotics - amoxicillin, oxytetracycline
What is the recommended treatment in late stages of TRP (after fibrinous septic pericarditis)?
Euthanasia
prognosis= poor to hopeless at this stage
What valves can be listened to with stethoscope in the following positions on the left side:
ICS3
ICS4
ICS5
3 = pulomonary
4 = Aortic
5 = Mitral
What valve can be listened to at the 5th ICS on the right side?
Tricuspid/Atrioventricular valve
Which bacteria commonly causes bacterial endocarditis?
Truperella pyogenes
Where are the most predilection sites for bacteraemia in a cow heart
Tricuspid valve
mitral valve
List the clinical signs you generally seen with bacterial endocarditis
Murmur +/- palpable thrill
persistent tachycardia
ill thrift
milk drop
What is haematogenous spread with bacterial endocarditis?
Bacteria makes valves more friable so small pieces break off, enter circulation and settle in organs with small capillaries e.g. liver/kidneys
Describe how to treat bacterial endocarditis in cows
Long term antibiotic therapy - minimum 3 weeks
penicillin/ amoxicillin are antibiotics of choice
Describe the prognosis of bacterial endocarditis in cows
guarded
return to normal heart sounds and rate- good prognostic indicator
better if diagnosed and treated early
signs of CHF= poor prognosis
What are the signs of congenital cardiac disorder in calves
Murmurs
poor growth
increased respiratory rate/ effort
cough
