Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3- FA- Cardiorespiratory disease > Eye disease in cattle and sheep SDL > Flashcards

Eye disease in cattle and sheep SDL Flashcards

1
Q

What does entropion lead to if left untreated in lambs?

A

Ulceration
Keratitis
Eventual blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what sheep have a genetic predisposition to entropion

A

Border Leicester
Bluefaced Leicester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List 4 ways to treat ent

A

Mild cases: manual rolling down of the skin immediately below the eyeball
Subconjunctival injection of AB
Insertion of Michel clips
Rarely: surgical correction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is subconjunctival injection of penicillin used to treat entropion in lambs?

A

1ml of procaine penicillin injected into lower eyelid introducing needle parallel to palpebral fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the aetiology of Bovine Keratoconjunctivitus (IBK)?

A

Most commonly: Moraxella bovis
Mycoplasma spp
Chlamydia spp
Herpes virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the epidemiology of IBK

A

Flies, close proximity of cattle and fomites play an important role in spread
The disease will spread through a group within a few weeks, often affecting 50-80% of animals.
There appears to be life-long immunity to IBK, and some colostral transfer of protection probably occurs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List 5 clinical signs of IBK

A

Epiphora
Blepharospasm
Conjunctivitis
Keratitis with corneal oedema and cloudiness
Pink appearance of the cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe how IBK is treated in cattle

A

Ideally stable animal to reduce light irritation and instigate fly control measures
ABs (systemic or topical) and NSAIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What AB and dose is used for systemic treatment of IBK

A

Oxytetracycline at full bodyweight dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What AB is used as a topical ointment for treatment of IBK

A

Cloxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe how IBK is prevented in cows

A

Fly control: parasitic wasps, pour ons, hygiene
Autogenous vaccination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the aetiology of listeria monocytogenes ocular infection/silage eye?

A

Anterior uveitis associated with conjunctival infection with Listeria bacteria
Listeria is ubiquitous and found everywhere
Listeria often found in dangerous quantities in silage that has not fermented sufficiently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the signalment of silage eye

A

sheep and cattle of all ages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

when is silage eye most commonly seen

A

later winter into spring with peak in March

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the clinical signs of silage eye in sheep and cattle

A

Profuse discharge from the eye, often overspilling and causing tear-staining on face
Cloudy discolouration of the eye surface, which may be associated with temporary blindness
Bulges of the iris
Cow/sheep unwilling to open eye or allow examination due to pain
Excessive tear production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the treatment options for silage eye in sheep and cattle

A

Bulbar sub-conjunctival administration of gram+ve antimicrobial.
Bulbar sub-conjunctival administration of anti-inflammatory.
Mydriatic sub-conjunctivally.
Topical application of ophthalmic antimicrobial preparation.
+/- systemic antimicrobial / anti-inflammatory

17
Q

How can silage eye be prevented in sheep and cattle

A

Pay attention to detail when baling and wrapping to ensure appropriate fermentation conditions limit growth of listeria bacteria.
Try to minimise exposure to air through puncturing or bird attacks and at feed out.
Making bales or clamp silage with a shorter chop length makes it easier for them to feed without having to bury their heads in the long fibres

18
Q

How are ulcers up to 50% depth treated in sheep and cattle

A

AB’s (topical or subconjuntival)
Collagenase inhibitors: autogenous serum, 0.2% EDTA, tetracyclines)
NSAIDs

19
Q

How are ulcers with a depth of over 50% or progressive ulcers treated in sheep and cattle

A

Third eye flap or tarsorraphy
enculeation

20
Q

How long does healing of a uncomplicated surface ulcer in sheep and cattle take

A

5-10 days

21
Q

How long does healing of deep ulcers in sheep and cattle typically take

A

2-6 weeks

22
Q

What is the most common type of neoplasia effecting the eye in cattle and sheep

A

SSC- Squamous cell carcinoma

23
Q

What breeds of cattle are predisposed to SSC ocular neoplasia

A

Herefords and holsteins

24
Q

What are the common sites of formation of ocular SSC in cattle and sheep

A

Third eye lid
junction between sclera and cornea
lower eyelid

25
Q

What are the 4 stages of development of ocular SSC in cattle and sheep

A

Stage 1: plaque
Stage 2: keratoma or keratoacanthomas
Stage 3: papillomas
Stage 4: carcinomas

26
Q

How is ocular SSC diagnosed in cattle and sheep

A

visual examination

27
Q

What areas of the body should be checked for metastasis in a cow presenting with ocular SSC

A

Regional LNs

28
Q

What are the treatment options for ocular SSC in cattle

A

If effecting the conjunctiva, third eyelid or cornea: surgical excision
Small eyelid lesions can be surgically removed otherwise enucleation

29
Q

What is the prognosis for ocular SSC in cattle

A

Recurrence after surgical excision may affect about 1 in 3 patients

30
Q

What are some examples of systemic diseases with ocular involvement in cattle

A

Septicaemia resulting in hypopyo
“Head and eye” form of MCF
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
BVD
Bleeding disorders
Blindness caused by central lesions

31
Q

How do congential nasolacrimal duct disorders present in camelids

A

A history of a wet face caused by the tears spilling out of the eye, a mucopurulent ocular discharge caused by a secondary dacryocystitis, or both

32
Q

What are the causes of corneal trauma in camelids

A

Penetration of the cornea with plant material
Recumbency from prolonged anaesthesia
Tick paralysis
Meningeal worms
Lack of passive transfer

33
Q

How do corneal ulcers appear in camelids

A

Yellowish-white collections of purulent material at various depths in the corneal stroma; they are often deep

34
Q

What are the clinical signs of conjunctivitis in camelids

A

Mild squinting
conjunctival hyperemia
Epiphora (pictured below)
elevation of the eyelids reveals conjunctival hyperemia and possibly chemosis

35
Q

What can uveitis be secondary to in camelids

A

Deep ulcerative keratitis
lens induced uveitis
trauma
infectious disease: equine herpesvirus type 1

36
Q

What are the clinical signs of uveitis in camelids

A

Mild squinting
Epiphora
Aqueous flare
Red eye
Synaechiae
Corneal oedema

3- FA- Cardiorespiratory disease (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions