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3- FA- Cardiorespiratory disease > Farm animal dermatology > Flashcards

Farm animal dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main cause of skin disease in cattle

A

ectoparasites

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2
Q

What is the most important ectoparasite in cattle

A

lice (4 species- 1 biting, 3 sucking)

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3
Q

What is the most common ectoparasite of sheep

A

psoropties ovis - sheep scab mite

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4
Q

Describe the lifecycle of lice

A

live on skin surface
life cycle is direct and simple
whole life cycle happens on the host

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5
Q

Describe the epidemiology of lice in cattle

A

very common
more common in winter
don’t survive well off the host

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6
Q

describe the impact of lice in cattle

A

decreased BCS/ daily live weight gain
damaged skin
usually poor doers- often animals will have concurrent disease

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7
Q

List the 3 species of lice seen in cattle

A

Bovicola bovis
Linognathus vituli
Haematopinus eurysternus

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8
Q

what is the most common species of lice in cattle

A

Bovicola bovis

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9
Q

where is bovicola bovis generally seen in cows

A

on the head
is a chewing/ biting louse

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10
Q

Describe how you diagnose lice in cattle

A

they are big so visable with naked eye

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11
Q

List 3 methods of treatment for lice in cattle

A

Pour-on synthetic pyrethroid - kills everything
pour-on group 3-ML anthelmintics - kills everything
injectable group 3- ML anthelminitics - remove all sucking lice and >98% of biting lice - so not used as much

All cattle in direct contact must be treated

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12
Q

What is pink eye

A

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK)
caused by the bacterium Moraxella bovis

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13
Q

how does infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis get transmitted

A

face fly

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14
Q

what are the signs of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis

A

corneal ulcers
oedema
lacrimation
opacity
epiphora

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15
Q

what is the treatment for pink eye

A

antibiotics - IM
NSAIDs

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16
Q

describe how to prevent pink eye

A

fly control e.g. permethrin
biological control- parasitic wasps

17
Q

Describe onchocerca

A

thin white worms found in the eye of cattle
transmitted by blackfly or culicoides

18
Q

Describe the impact of the warble fly

A

gadding behaviour
ectopic migration and paralysis
downgrade of the hide
reduced reproduction

notifiable in Scotland

19
Q

Describe how to treat warble flies

A

organophosphates
98% effective in autumn and less efficient in spring

20
Q

What is the most common mite seen in catte

A

surface mite- chorioptes

21
Q

Describe the clinical signs of chorioptic mange

A

tail mange
leg mange
scrotal mange

22
Q

describe how you diagnose chorioptic mange

A

deep skin scrapes - from the edge of the lesion

23
Q

what is the treatment for chorioptic mange

A

Permethrin (synthetic pyrethroid)
OR
pour on Macrocyclic lactones (injectable less effective)

24
Q

What is the most common tick seen in cattle

A

Ixodes ricinus

25
Q

List 5 consequences of ticks in cattle

A

poor body condition
intense irritation
weight loos and reduced milk yeilds
hide/fleece damage
vehicles for disease-causing agents

26
Q

Name a viral disease that ticks can cause in cattle

A

Tick-borne encephalitis

27
Q

List some bacterial diseases that ticks can cause in cattle

A

lyme borreliosis
Q-fever
tick-borne relapsing fever

28
Q

what parasite can ticks transmit in cattle

A

babesiosis

29
Q

Describe the clinical signs comonly seen with Babesia

A

pyrexia
severe haemolytic anaemia haemoglobinuria- red urine
death

30
Q

Describe how you diagnose babesia

A

previous history - have the animals come onto marginal grazing recently
examination of skin often confirms presence of ticks

31
Q

Describe the aetiology of photosenstisation

A

direct- due to defect (congential or acquired through ingestion) in animals metabolism of RBC
secondary- occurs in animals with liver damage
local- from reaction to the sap of some plants

32
Q

What plant can cause photosensitisation in csttle

A

St Johns wort

33
Q

Describe the clinical signs of photosensitisation

A

non-pigmentated skin affected
hair-loss reddening , peeling
ulceration of skin

34
Q

Describe how you diagnose photosensitisation

A

on clinical signs

35
Q

describe how you treat photosensitisation of cattle

A

removal to cool shaded housing
supportive therapy
treatment for liver failure
identify and remove possible plant sources of the photosensitising chemicals

3- FA- Cardiorespiratory disease (14 decks)

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