Respiratory Cycles & Mechanisms

Question 1

What is the intrapleural pressure (P_PL) at rest, at the end of inspiration, and at the end of of expiration?

Answer 1

-5 to -8 to -5

Question 2

AS the thoracic cavity increases, what initially happens to P_A and P_PL?

A. Both decrease

B. Both increase

C. PA and PPL stay the same

D. None of the above

Answer 2

Both decrease

Question 3

What is air flow at rest, in the middle of inspiration, and in the middle of expiration?

Answer 3

Rest: 0

Middle of Insp.: -1

Middle of Exp: +1

Question 4

Draw out the 4 graphs of the respiratory cycle that was shown in class

Answer 4

Cool does it look like this?

Question 5

Minute Ventrillation (V_E) is the volume of air inhaled every minute. What is the equation to determine this value and what is the normal value?

Answer 5

V_E= V_T x frequency

7 L/min

Question 6

What value can we use to assume anatomic dead space?

Answer 6

persons weight lbs to mL

Question 7

What is the normal atmospheric pressure?

Answer 7

760 mmHg

Question 8

T/F: Physiologic dead space in healthy people is nearly zero

Answer 8

True; also heres an equation you probably won’t need to use

Question 9

How do you calculate Alveolar Ventilation (V_ALV)?

How do you calculate Minute Alveolar Ventilation V(dot)_ALV?

Answer 9

V_ALV= V_T - V_{dead space}

V(dot)_ALV= V_ALV x frequency

Question 10

As age increases compliance _______, while elasticity ________ ?

A. Increases; increases

B. Increases; decreases

C. Decreases; Increases

D. Decreases; Stays the same

Answer 10

Increases; decreases

Question 11

T/F: Compliance is lowest at the extremes of volume (i.e. very high or very low)

Answer 11

True

Compliance= change in volume/change in pressure

Question 12

Surfactant contributes to hysteresis, which is the difference between what two things?

Answer 12

Inspiration and Expiration

Question 13

Which of the following increases compliance due to the destruction of alveolar septal tissue that normally opposes lung expansion?

A. Emphysema

B. Asthma

C. Fibrosis

D. None of the above

Answer 13

Emphysema

NOTE: Fibrosis decreases compliance

Question 14

“The chest wall watns to expand and the lungs want to collapse, and in a pneumothorax, the chest wall and lungs get what they want”

Answer 14

Cool

Question 15

Look at this

Answer 15

Dope

Question 16

Understand this graph

Answer 16

Nice

Question 17

What is the Deadspace when the patient is not healthy?

How do we calculate physiological Dead space?

Answer 17

anatomic deadspace + physiologic deadspace

Physiological Dead Space= V_T x [(PaCO2 - P_ECO2)/PaCO2]