Renal Embryology Flashcards
The Kidneys are derived from which of the following layers?
A. Lateral Plate Mesoderm
B. Paraxial Mesoderm
C. Endoderm
D. Intermediate Mesoderm
Intermediate Mesoderm
What is the name of the longitudinal bilateral structure found on either side of the dorsal aorta of which the urogenital system arises?
URogenital Ridge
The pronephros, mesenephros, metanephros are successive structures that came from what strating structure off the urogenital ridge?
Nephrogenic Cord
In what week does the rudimentary kidney (Pronephros) form within the cervical region?
Week 4
The pronephros degenerates by Day 24-25, but which of the following persits and is used by the mesonephros?
(you might say this persisting structure is why the pronephros is important for initiating cascade to form a definitive kidney)
Pronephros Duct
At the end of the 4th week, the mesonephros forms just caudal to the pronephros ducts. The mesonephros includes the ducts and tubules. Which of the following structures will arise from the tubules?
A. Renal Corpuscles
B. Glomerulus only
C. Bowman’s Capsule only
D. None of the above
Renal Corpuscles (Glomerulus and Bowman’s Capsule)
From week 6-10 the mesonephros acts as an interim kidney and produces small amounts of urine. After the 10th week it stops functioning and undergoes degeneration in week 12. What happens to the mesonephros in females vs. males?
Females: regression of tubules
Males: form efferent ductules
The metanephros arises during that week, becoming functional before the mesonephros degenerates?
A. Week 4
B. Week 5
C. Week 6
D. Week 7
Week 5
What is the fate of the caudal end of the metanephros?
A. Becomes the metanephric blastema
B. Degrades and fuses into the cloaca
C. BEcomes the uteric bud
D. None of the above
Becomes the uteric bud
NOTE: The Metanephric Blastema is formed from the nephrogenic cord
Which of the following correctly identifies the role of the embryonic kidneys?
A. Filtration of placental fluid
B. Drainage of blood from the dorsal aorta
C. Regulation of amniotic fluid
D. All of the above
Regulation of amniotic fluid
During what week is the functional/definitive kidney formed, meaning it has an excretory portion and collecting duct?
A. Week 4-5
B. Week 5-6
C. Week 6-10
D. Week 9-10
Week 9-10
The uteric bud from the mesonephric duct branches into the mesoderm and signals the induction of the metanephric blastema from the nephrogenic cord. Once the uteric bud penetrates the metanephric blastema, what does it form?
A. Renal glomerulus
B. Renal pelvis
C. Inner Medulla
D. Cortex
Renal pelvis
What 4 structures come from the uteric bud of the mesonephric duct?
Ureter
Renal Pelvis
Major and Minor Calyces
Collecting Ducts
Which of the following structures birthed the nephrons?
A. Uteric Bud
B. Renal Pelvis
C. Metanephrice Blastema
D. Mesonephric Tubules
Metanephrice Blastema
Which portion of the nephron contacts an arched collecting tubule directly?
A. Proximal Convoluted Tubule
B. Nephron Loop
C. Distal Convoluted Tubule
D. None of the above
Distal Convoluted Tubule
NOTE: mesonephric vesicles elongate and form metanephric tubules. These tubules continue to lengthen and differentiate into PCT, DCT, nephron loop
Permanent lidneys initially lie in the pelvis and ascend as the fetus elongates and reach adult positioning by week 9. When the hilum first rotates 90 degree it receives blood supply that branches off which of the following structures?
A. Common Iliac A.
B. Dorsal Aorta
C. Abdominal Aorta
D. Internal Iliac A.
Common Iliac A.
NOTEL this connection is destroyed and eventially the definitive renal As. come from the abdominal aorta
The uteric bud is responsible for the development of the __________ portion of the kidney, while the metanephric blastema is responsible for the __________ portion.
What do these portions include?
The uteric bud is responsible for the development of the collecting portion of the kidney, while the metanephric blastema is responsible for the excretory portion.
Collecting portion: Ureter, renal pelvis, major/minor calyxes, collecting ducts
Excretory portion: Bowman’s capsule, PCT, DCT, Loop of Henle
Collect CRUMM
Excrete Dank Bowels and Pee, Liquids
A doctor delivers a baby and notices they are born with 1 umbilical A. Which of the following congenital abnormalities is also likely associated?
A. Bilateral Renal Agenesis
B. Unilateral Renal Agenesis
C. Incomplete Duplication
D. Complete Duplication
Unilateral Renal Agenesis
What’s the difference between an incomplete and complete duplication of the kidney?
Incomplete Duplication means the kidney is divided with a bifed ureter
Complete Duplication is a double kidney with a bifed ureter or seperate ureter
Which of the following correctly describes how a horseshoe kidney forms?
A. Fusion of inferior poles
B. Fusion of superior poles
C. Fusion of ureters
D. All of the above
Fusion of inferior poles
T/F: Development of accessory renal vessels causes the production of multiple vessels where excess accessory veins are more common
True
Which congenital kidney disease is where cycsts are likely dilations in the loop of henle of only one kidney?
A. Polycystic Kidney Disease
B. Multicystic Kidney Disease
C. Monocystic Kidney Disease
D. Hoeseshoe kidney
Multicystic Kidney Disease
The urogenital sinus is an endodermal structure contained within ventral cloaca, and is critical for bladder and urethral development. Which of the following portion of the sinus forms the urinary bladder?
A. Vesicle Part
B. Pelvic Part
C. Phallic Part
D. None of the above
Vesicle Part
The urogenital sinus is an endodermal structure contained within ventral cloaca, and is critical for bladder and urethral development. Which of the following portion of the sinus forms the neck of the bladder in both males and females, the prostatic urethra in males, and the urethra in females?
A. Vesicle Part
B. Pelvic Part
C. Phallic Part
D. None of the above
Pelvic Part
The urogenital sinus is an endodermal structure contained within ventral cloaca, and is critical for bladder and urethral development. Which of the following portions of the sinus forms spongey urethra in males and the lining of vaginal vestibule in females?
A. Vesicle Part
B. Pelvic Part
C. Phallic Part
D. None of the above
Phallic Part
Between which weeks is the mesonephric duct is incorporated into the posterior wall of the bladder, with the uteric bud attached?
A. Week 2-4
B. Week 4-6
C. Week 6-10
D. Week 10-12
Week 4-6
The epithelium of the bladder comes from which of the following layers?
A. Mesoderm
B. Ectoderm
C. Endoderm
Endoderm
The trigone is the connection of the elongated uteric bud and mesonephric duct. What is the trigone made of?
A. Splanchnic Mesoderm
B. Endoderm
C. Intermediate mesoderm
Intermediate mesoderm
What structures forms the urachus, which eventually closes off, and later forms the median umbilical ligament?
Allontois
A defect in the closure of the ventral abdominal wall during week 4, typically occurs in males, and is called which of the following congenital abnormalities?
A. Extrophy of the Bladder
B. Epispadias
C. Urachal Cysts
D. Urachal Fistual
Extrophy of the Bladder
What is the name of the abnormality whe the entire urachus remains patent and allows urine to escape from the umbilical orifice?
A. Extrophy of the Bladder
B. Epispadias
C. Urachal Cysts
D. Urachal Fistual
E. Urachal Sinus
Urachal Fistual
During week 5 the coelomic epithelium delaminates and enters the surrounding mesoderm and becomes which of the following?
A. FEtal cortical cells
B. Chromaffin cells
C. Definitive cortical cells
D. All of the above
FEtal cortical cells
Which of the following accurately represents the origin of chromaffin cells?
A. Differentiated fetal cortical cells
B. NCCs that migrated into the cortex
C. NCCs that migrated into the medulla
D. Transported Splanchnic mesoderm
NCCs that migrated into the medulla
The fetal cortex is responsible for secreting which of the following hormones that’s essential for maintaining pregnancy?
A. ACTH
B. Estradiol
C. DHEA
D. None of the above
DHEA
