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CPR Exam 2 > Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms > Flashcards

Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

Ehat are the 2 locations lung defenses are divided into?

A

Upper airways and bronchi

Alveolar spaces

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2
Q

Which of the following actions is imperative for building up pressure necessary for a strong cough reflex?

A. Deep inspiration

B. Closing off glottis

C. Trapping of particles

D. None of the above

A

Closing off glottis

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3
Q

Which of the following T cells would you see in the upper airway with IL-10 and TGF to help repress extreme immunological responses?

A. Th2

B. Th1

C. Th17

D. Treg

A

Treg

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4
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the upper airway epithelium?

A

Barrier Fucntion

Defense Function via release of cytokines, etc

Translocation of IgA

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5
Q

What type of macrophage would you find under normal circumstances residing in the alveoli?

A. Classical Macrophages

B. M1

C. M2

D. M3

E. None of the above

A

M2

M2 macrophages (alternative Macrophages are the 1st line of defense of alveoli

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6
Q

Which of the following is the correct role of surfactants?

A. Bind antibodies and signal destruction via neutrophils and macrophages

B. Damage cell membrane and phagocytose pathogens

C. Trap pathogens and damage membranes

D. All of the above

A

Trap pathogens and damage membranes

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7
Q

Which of the following cells synthesize surfactants?

A. Type I and Type II pneumocytes

B. Clara cells and Type I pneumocytes

C. Type II pneumocytes and clara cells

D. Clara cells and SP-As

A

Type II pneumocytes and clara cells

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8
Q

Which of the following Igs are immunotolerant Abs that take out pathogens without causing inflammation in the alveolar space?

A. IgA

B. IgG

C. IgM

D. IgE

A

IgA

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9
Q

Which of the following is an appropriate response to release of CCR2 during leukocyte recruitment?

A. Binding to CCL2 receptor found on neutrophils and binding to endothellium

B. Release of ICAM and VCAM on the endothelium to bind macrophages and neutrophils

C. Binding to CCL2 receptor found on macrophages

D. All of the above

A

Binding to CCL2 receptor found on macrophages

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10
Q

What is the correct description of fibrinolytic protein actions?

A. Vasodilation, increase in vascular permeability of blood vessels, and stimulation of pain receptors

B. Degredation of clots after wound healing

C. Vasocontstricition and activation of the kinin cascade

D. None of the above

A

Degredation of clots after wound healing

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11
Q

Presence of which of the following is most likely to be seen in chronic inflammatory response?

A. Activated B call and M2 macrophage accumulation, with hypersecretion of mucus

B. Activation of T cells and neutrophils as well as leukotriens

C. T cells and M2s fighting for control of the situation

D. Activated T cells and M1 macrophages acummulating, with the presence of hypersecretion of mucus brought on by leukotriens

A

Activated T cells and M1 macrophages acummulating, with the presence of hypersecretion of mucus brought on by leukotriens

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12
Q

Release of IL-5 in a type I hypersensitivity reaction results in which of the following?

A. Mast cell degranulation

B. REcruitment of Th2

C. REcruitment of eosinophils

D. None of the above

A

REcruitment of eosinophils

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13
Q

Which of the following is responsible for causing hypersecretion of mucus that can lead to the development of chronic bronchitis?

A

Leukotriens

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14
Q

What mediates CHES?

A. Eosinophils

B. Treg cells

C. Th17

D. Leukotriens

A

Eosinophils

CHES: Chronic Hyperplastic Eosinophilic Sinusitis

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15
Q

The remodeling seen in chronic asthma related airway modeling is driven by…

A. Leukotriens and Nuetrophils

B. Classic and Alternative Macrophages

C. Prostaglandins and Leukotriens

D. Classic Macrophages and Th17

A

Prostaglandins and Leukotriens

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16
Q

Which of the following mediates the inflammation seen in COPD patients?

A. Th17 with IL-17, IL-10, and TGF

B. Th17 with IL-17 and IL-22

C. Th17 with IL-17 and IL-23

D. Th17 with IL-5, IL-4, and IL-8

A

Th17 with IL-17 and IL-22

This also induces the release of IL-8 and G/GM-CSF from endothelial cells to recruit macrophages and neutrophils

CPR Exam 2 (18 decks)

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