Respiratory Assessment Flashcards
Pulmonary function testing is used to…
identify breathing difficulties at rest and during exercise
Pulmonary function testing is commonly assessed with a ______.
spirometer
Pulmonary function testing measures… while _____ and ______.
- volumes (static)
- flow (dynamic)
- inhaling
- exhaling
Functional residual capacity is a combination of…
- expiratory reserve volume
- residual lung volume
In normal individuals, ____ of FVC can be exhaled in 1s.
> 70%
During maximal exercise, healthy individuals retain a _____ _____. They have not reached ____ _____ ____ (____% in normal individuals meaning…).
- ventilatory reserve
- total ventilatory capacity
- ~30%
- at the end of VO2 max, you can typically breathe 30% more
Why do highly trained individuals (especially females) run into problems with increased ventilation with exercise?
- can’t get air out faster
- loop touches line
Spirometry:
- resting forced vital capacity test
- FVC and FEV1
FEV1/FVC is a measure of…
- expiratory ability and general resistance to expiration
- expressed as a %
Components of dynamic forced ventilation:
- PL
- Ppl
- alveolar pressure
- transairway pressure
PL:
pressure generated by lung recoil
Ppl:
pleural pressure generated by active inspiration or expiration
Alveolar pressure:
- the sum of PL and Ppl
- expressed relative to atmospheric pressure
Transairway pressure:
the difference between Ppl and local alveolar pressure
Basic spirometry test steps:
- maximal exhalation (preceded by max. inhale) ~ 6 seconds
- sitting position (obese will have better values standing)
- nose clips, tight seal around mouthpiece
- exhale as forcefully as possible for as long as possible
End of test criteria for basic spirometry test:
participant can no longer exhale or plateau in exhaled flow (< 0.025L/s)
Basic spirometry test should be repeated…
at least 3x (2-3 min recovery between)
With the basic spirometry test, 2 best performances should be …
- within 150 mL (for both FVC and FEV1)
- if not continue with additional tests (up to 8x)
- take highest values
Healthy ratio of FEV1/FVC is…
- > or equal to 85%
- < 70% represents some type of pulmonary obstruction (eg. asthma)
Exercise spirometry is used to….
investigate breathing difficulties during exercise
3 steps of exercise spirometry:
- perform resting FVC test
- perform a single stage exercise test of 6-8 min. duration at 80-90% of HR max (or predicted HR max)
- perform post-exercise FVC tests at 5, 10, 15, and 20 min.
Eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation test is _____ and is used for someone who ….
- standardized
- can’t do exercise
Eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation test is designed to mimic …
an exercise challenge
Steps for eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation test:
- perform resting FVC test
- perform 6 minutes of hyperventilation (air + 5% CO2)
- tidal volume fixed at 85% of TLC or FEV1
- breathing rate fixed at 30 bpm
- perform post-exercise FVC tests at 5, 10, 15, and 20 min.
