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Respiratory Exam 1 > Respiratory Anatomy 1 - Review > Flashcards

Respiratory Anatomy 1 - Review Flashcards

1
Q

what bone forms the forehead and superior aspects of the orbit

A
  • frontal bone
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2
Q

what bones are small paired bones that form the bridge of the nose

A
  • nasal bones
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3
Q

what bones form the cheek and also contribute to the orbit

A
  • zygomatic bones
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4
Q

what bones form the upper jaw and the floors of the orbits and a portion of the palate

A
  • maxillary bones
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5
Q

what is the lower jaw bone that houses the lower dentition

A
  • mandible
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6
Q

what surrounds the opening into the nasal cavity

A
  • maxilla
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7
Q

what is the opening to the nasal cavity called?

A
  • piriform aperture
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8
Q

what lines the walls of the nasal cavity?

A
  • bony conchae
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9
Q

what is at the midline of the nasal cavity?

A
  • septum
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10
Q

what is the nasal cavity located between?

A
  • orbits and large maxillary sinuses
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11
Q

nasal cavity also contains

A
  • peripheral organs of olfaction
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12
Q

what divides the nasal cavity into the right and left cavities

A
  • nasal septum
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13
Q

how are nasal cavities entered?

A
  • anteriorly through the nostrils
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14
Q

how does air exit the nasal cavity?

A
  • posteriorly through paired choanae into the nasopharynx
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15
Q

functions of the nasal cavity

A
  • olfaction
  • humidification of air
  • filtration of air
  • reception of secretion from the paranasal sinuses
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16
Q

walls of the nasal cavity

A
  • medial wall (septum)

- lateral wall

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17
Q

_____ of the nasal cavity is the hard palate

A
  • floor
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18
Q

medial wall of the nasal cavity is the ____

A
  • nasal septum
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19
Q

nasal septum formed by

A
  • perpendicular plate of ethmoid
  • vomer
  • septal cartilage
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20
Q

which is the thin midline portion which forms the superior part of the septum

A
  • perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
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21
Q

what forms the posteroinferior part of the septum

A
  • vomer
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22
Q

what part of the nasal cavity house the nasal conchae

A
  • lateral walls
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23
Q

much of the neurovasculature to the nasal cavity travel s through what?

A
  • sphenopalatine foramen
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24
Q

what are hollow spaces lined with mucosa that drain secretions into the nasal cavity?

A
  • paranasal sinuses
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25
Q

paranasal sinuses are located within which bones?

A
  • frontal bone
  • ethmoid bone
  • maxilla
  • sphenoid bone
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26
Q

paranasal sinuses develop as

A
  • diverticula of the lateral nasal wall
27
Q

which sinuses are present at birth

A
  • ethmoid sinuses
28
Q

which sinuses reach near-maximum size at skeletal maturity around age 20-25 and ultimately contribute to the definitive shape of the face?

A
  • frontal and maxillary
29
Q

which sinuses add considerable vertical growth to the developing facial region

A
  • frontal and maxillary
30
Q

the walls of the nasal cavity are lined with

A
  • mucous membrane
31
Q

bony conchae divide each nasal cavity into which passages?

A
  • sphenoethmoidal recess
  • superior meatus
  • middle meatus
  • inferior meatus
32
Q

which recess of the nasal cavity receives drainage from the sphenoid sinus

A
  • sphenoethmoidal recess
33
Q

which recess of the nasal cavity receives drainage from the posterior ethmoidal sinuses

A
  • superior meatus
34
Q

which recess of the nasal cavity receives drainage from the frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, and remaining ethmoid sinus

  • where almost all sinuses drain
A
  • middle meatus
35
Q

which recess of the nasal cavity receives drainage from the nasolacrimal duct (from the eye/orbit)

A
  • inferior meatus
36
Q

where does the pituitary gland sit

A
  • within sella turcica at base of the skull above the sphenoid sinus
37
Q

which sinus is opened for removal of pituitary tumors

A
  • sphenoid sinus
38
Q

what happens when the opening to the maxillary sinus gets blocked?

A
  • large sinuses fill with secretions
  • cause congestion and facial pain
  • termed Maxillary sinusitis
39
Q

what is a common symptom associated with maxillary sinusitis

why

A
  • tooth ache

- roots of upper molars sit with floor of maxillary sinus

40
Q

which nerve is the primary sensory nerve of the facial region?

A
  • trigeminal

- cranial nerve 5

41
Q

trigeminal nerve has branches which convey?

A
  • pain
  • touch
  • temperature
42
Q

sensory ganglion of trigeminal nerve resides on

A
  • trigeminal ganglion
43
Q

divisions of trigeminal nerve

A
  • ophthalmic division V1
  • maxillary division V2
  • mandibular division V3
44
Q

nasal cavity receives vascular supply from

A
  • facial and maxillary arteries from external carotid artery

- ophthalmic artery branch from internal carotid artery

45
Q

the terminal branch of the maxillary artery that traverses through the sphenopalatine foramen and gives rise to several lateral posterior nasal branches and a posterior septal branch

A
  • sphenopalatine artery
46
Q

the branch of the internal carotid artery that vascularizes the eye/orbit and gives rise to ethmoidal arteries that supply the anterior/superior aspect of the nasal cavity

A
  • ophthalmic artery
47
Q

the branch of the maxillary artery that gives rise to branches that ascend through the palate to contribute to vascular supply

A
  • greater palatine artery
48
Q

the area along the nasal cavity where converging arteries anastomose together

importance of this

A
  • Klesselbach’s plexus

- common site of nose bleeds (epistaxis)

49
Q

one way to treat nosebleeds surgically

A
  • pack/clip area around sphenopalatine artery to reduce hemorrhage
50
Q

olfactory axons traverse the _____ of the ethmoid and synapse within the olfactory bulbs

A
  • cribriform plate
51
Q

the anterior 1/3rd portion of the nasal cavity receives sensory innervation from

A

V1- ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve

52
Q

the posterior 2/3rd portion of the nasal cavity receives sensory innervation from

A

V2- maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

53
Q

located posterior to the nasal cavity and serve as one of the important relay centers for parasympathetic nerves traveling throughout the head and those traveling to the nasal cavity

A
  • pterygopalatine ganglion
54
Q

preganglionic parasympathetic nerves that are enroute to the nasal glands originate in the brainstem and travel via

which is a branch of

A
  • greater petrosal nerve

- cranial nerve 7 - facial nerve

55
Q

the greater petrosal nerve traverses through the _____ in the skull base

A
  • pterygoid canal
56
Q

preganglionic parasympathetic nerves that are enroute to the nasal glands synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion onto postganglionic parasympathetic nerves which travel along sensory branches of ____ to innervate nasal cavity glands

A
  • V2
57
Q

preganglionic sympathetic nerves ascend within the sympathetic chain to the ________ where they synapse on postganglionic sympathetics

A
  • superior cervical ganglion
58
Q

postganglionic sympathetic nerves travel along the internal carotid artery and form the __________

A
  • deep petrosal nerve
59
Q

deep petrosal nerve as greater petrosal nerve meet within the pterygoid canal and form

A
  • Vidian nerve
60
Q

what do we do for patients who have failed medications for chronic rhinitis and rhinorrhea

how do we do it

A
  • Vidian neurectomy

- cut nerve within pterygoid canal

61
Q

goal of Vidian neuroctomy

A
  • eliminate parasympathetic nerves that ultimately provide secretory activity to nasal mucosa
62
Q

what is the mucosa covered bulge in the nasopharynx that represents that cartilaginous portion of the proximal pharyngotympanic tube

A
  • torus tubarius
63
Q

what is a deep slit-like recess where cancerous growths can initiate within the pharynx

A
  • pharyngeal recess
64
Q

what two muscles of the soft palate open the pharyngotympic tube

also elevate the soft palate when swallowing to prevent food from entering the nasopharynx

A
  • levator veli palatini

- tensor veli palatini

Respiratory Exam 1 (27 decks)

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