Respiratory Anatomy 1 - Review Flashcards
what bone forms the forehead and superior aspects of the orbit
- frontal bone
what bones are small paired bones that form the bridge of the nose
- nasal bones
what bones form the cheek and also contribute to the orbit
- zygomatic bones
what bones form the upper jaw and the floors of the orbits and a portion of the palate
- maxillary bones
what is the lower jaw bone that houses the lower dentition
- mandible
what surrounds the opening into the nasal cavity
- maxilla
what is the opening to the nasal cavity called?
- piriform aperture
what lines the walls of the nasal cavity?
- bony conchae
what is at the midline of the nasal cavity?
- septum
what is the nasal cavity located between?
- orbits and large maxillary sinuses
nasal cavity also contains
- peripheral organs of olfaction
what divides the nasal cavity into the right and left cavities
- nasal septum
how are nasal cavities entered?
- anteriorly through the nostrils
how does air exit the nasal cavity?
- posteriorly through paired choanae into the nasopharynx
functions of the nasal cavity
- olfaction
- humidification of air
- filtration of air
- reception of secretion from the paranasal sinuses
walls of the nasal cavity
- medial wall (septum)
- lateral wall
_____ of the nasal cavity is the hard palate
- floor
medial wall of the nasal cavity is the ____
- nasal septum
nasal septum formed by
- perpendicular plate of ethmoid
- vomer
- septal cartilage
which is the thin midline portion which forms the superior part of the septum
- perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
what forms the posteroinferior part of the septum
- vomer
what part of the nasal cavity house the nasal conchae
- lateral walls
much of the neurovasculature to the nasal cavity travel s through what?
- sphenopalatine foramen
what are hollow spaces lined with mucosa that drain secretions into the nasal cavity?
- paranasal sinuses
paranasal sinuses are located within which bones?
- frontal bone
- ethmoid bone
- maxilla
- sphenoid bone
paranasal sinuses develop as
- diverticula of the lateral nasal wall
which sinuses are present at birth
- ethmoid sinuses
which sinuses reach near-maximum size at skeletal maturity around age 20-25 and ultimately contribute to the definitive shape of the face?
- frontal and maxillary
which sinuses add considerable vertical growth to the developing facial region
- frontal and maxillary
the walls of the nasal cavity are lined with
- mucous membrane
bony conchae divide each nasal cavity into which passages?
- sphenoethmoidal recess
- superior meatus
- middle meatus
- inferior meatus
which recess of the nasal cavity receives drainage from the sphenoid sinus
- sphenoethmoidal recess
which recess of the nasal cavity receives drainage from the posterior ethmoidal sinuses
- superior meatus
which recess of the nasal cavity receives drainage from the frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, and remaining ethmoid sinus
- where almost all sinuses drain
- middle meatus
which recess of the nasal cavity receives drainage from the nasolacrimal duct (from the eye/orbit)
- inferior meatus
where does the pituitary gland sit
- within sella turcica at base of the skull above the sphenoid sinus
which sinus is opened for removal of pituitary tumors
- sphenoid sinus
what happens when the opening to the maxillary sinus gets blocked?
- large sinuses fill with secretions
- cause congestion and facial pain
- termed Maxillary sinusitis
what is a common symptom associated with maxillary sinusitis
why
- tooth ache
- roots of upper molars sit with floor of maxillary sinus
which nerve is the primary sensory nerve of the facial region?
- trigeminal
- cranial nerve 5
trigeminal nerve has branches which convey?
- pain
- touch
- temperature
sensory ganglion of trigeminal nerve resides on
- trigeminal ganglion
divisions of trigeminal nerve
- ophthalmic division V1
- maxillary division V2
- mandibular division V3
nasal cavity receives vascular supply from
- facial and maxillary arteries from external carotid artery
- ophthalmic artery branch from internal carotid artery
the terminal branch of the maxillary artery that traverses through the sphenopalatine foramen and gives rise to several lateral posterior nasal branches and a posterior septal branch
- sphenopalatine artery
the branch of the internal carotid artery that vascularizes the eye/orbit and gives rise to ethmoidal arteries that supply the anterior/superior aspect of the nasal cavity
- ophthalmic artery
the branch of the maxillary artery that gives rise to branches that ascend through the palate to contribute to vascular supply
- greater palatine artery
the area along the nasal cavity where converging arteries anastomose together
importance of this
- Klesselbach’s plexus
- common site of nose bleeds (epistaxis)
one way to treat nosebleeds surgically
- pack/clip area around sphenopalatine artery to reduce hemorrhage
olfactory axons traverse the _____ of the ethmoid and synapse within the olfactory bulbs
- cribriform plate
the anterior 1/3rd portion of the nasal cavity receives sensory innervation from
V1- ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
the posterior 2/3rd portion of the nasal cavity receives sensory innervation from
V2- maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
located posterior to the nasal cavity and serve as one of the important relay centers for parasympathetic nerves traveling throughout the head and those traveling to the nasal cavity
- pterygopalatine ganglion
preganglionic parasympathetic nerves that are enroute to the nasal glands originate in the brainstem and travel via
which is a branch of
- greater petrosal nerve
- cranial nerve 7 - facial nerve
the greater petrosal nerve traverses through the _____ in the skull base
- pterygoid canal
preganglionic parasympathetic nerves that are enroute to the nasal glands synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion onto postganglionic parasympathetic nerves which travel along sensory branches of ____ to innervate nasal cavity glands
- V2
preganglionic sympathetic nerves ascend within the sympathetic chain to the ________ where they synapse on postganglionic sympathetics
- superior cervical ganglion
postganglionic sympathetic nerves travel along the internal carotid artery and form the __________
- deep petrosal nerve
deep petrosal nerve as greater petrosal nerve meet within the pterygoid canal and form
- Vidian nerve
what do we do for patients who have failed medications for chronic rhinitis and rhinorrhea
how do we do it
- Vidian neurectomy
- cut nerve within pterygoid canal
goal of Vidian neuroctomy
- eliminate parasympathetic nerves that ultimately provide secretory activity to nasal mucosa
what is the mucosa covered bulge in the nasopharynx that represents that cartilaginous portion of the proximal pharyngotympanic tube
- torus tubarius
what is a deep slit-like recess where cancerous growths can initiate within the pharynx
- pharyngeal recess
what two muscles of the soft palate open the pharyngotympic tube
also elevate the soft palate when swallowing to prevent food from entering the nasopharynx
- levator veli palatini
- tensor veli palatini
