Respiratory Anatomy 1 - Review Flashcards
1
Q
what bone forms the forehead and superior aspects of the orbit
A
- frontal bone
2
Q
what bones are small paired bones that form the bridge of the nose
A
- nasal bones
3
Q
what bones form the cheek and also contribute to the orbit
A
- zygomatic bones
4
Q
what bones form the upper jaw and the floors of the orbits and a portion of the palate
A
- maxillary bones
5
Q
what is the lower jaw bone that houses the lower dentition
A
- mandible
6
Q
what surrounds the opening into the nasal cavity
A
- maxilla
7
Q
what is the opening to the nasal cavity called?
A
- piriform aperture
8
Q
what lines the walls of the nasal cavity?
A
- bony conchae
9
Q
what is at the midline of the nasal cavity?
A
- septum
10
Q
what is the nasal cavity located between?
A
- orbits and large maxillary sinuses
11
Q
nasal cavity also contains
A
- peripheral organs of olfaction
12
Q
what divides the nasal cavity into the right and left cavities
A
- nasal septum
13
Q
how are nasal cavities entered?
A
- anteriorly through the nostrils
14
Q
how does air exit the nasal cavity?
A
- posteriorly through paired choanae into the nasopharynx
15
Q
functions of the nasal cavity
A
- olfaction
- humidification of air
- filtration of air
- reception of secretion from the paranasal sinuses
16
Q
walls of the nasal cavity
A
- medial wall (septum)
- lateral wall
17
Q
_____ of the nasal cavity is the hard palate
A
- floor
18
Q
medial wall of the nasal cavity is the ____
A
- nasal septum
19
Q
nasal septum formed by
A
- perpendicular plate of ethmoid
- vomer
- septal cartilage
20
Q
which is the thin midline portion which forms the superior part of the septum
A
- perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
21
Q
what forms the posteroinferior part of the septum
A
- vomer
22
Q
what part of the nasal cavity house the nasal conchae
A
- lateral walls
23
Q
much of the neurovasculature to the nasal cavity travel s through what?
A
- sphenopalatine foramen
24
Q
what are hollow spaces lined with mucosa that drain secretions into the nasal cavity?
A
- paranasal sinuses
25
paranasal sinuses are located within which bones?
- frontal bone
- ethmoid bone
- maxilla
- sphenoid bone
26
paranasal sinuses develop as
- diverticula of the lateral nasal wall
27
which sinuses are present at birth
- ethmoid sinuses
28
which sinuses reach near-maximum size at skeletal maturity around age 20-25 and ultimately contribute to the definitive shape of the face?
- frontal and maxillary
29
which sinuses add considerable vertical growth to the developing facial region
- frontal and maxillary
30
the walls of the nasal cavity are lined with
- mucous membrane
31
bony conchae divide each nasal cavity into which passages?
- sphenoethmoidal recess
- superior meatus
- middle meatus
- inferior meatus
32
which recess of the nasal cavity receives drainage from the sphenoid sinus
- sphenoethmoidal recess
33
which recess of the nasal cavity receives drainage from the posterior ethmoidal sinuses
- superior meatus
34
which recess of the nasal cavity receives drainage from the frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, and remaining ethmoid sinus
- where almost all sinuses drain
- middle meatus
35
which recess of the nasal cavity receives drainage from the nasolacrimal duct (from the eye/orbit)
- inferior meatus
36
where does the pituitary gland sit
- within sella turcica at base of the skull above the sphenoid sinus
37
which sinus is opened for removal of pituitary tumors
- sphenoid sinus
38
what happens when the opening to the maxillary sinus gets blocked?
- large sinuses fill with secretions
- cause congestion and facial pain
- termed Maxillary sinusitis
39
what is a common symptom associated with maxillary sinusitis
why
- tooth ache
| - roots of upper molars sit with floor of maxillary sinus
40
which nerve is the primary sensory nerve of the facial region?
- trigeminal
| - cranial nerve 5
41
trigeminal nerve has branches which convey?
- pain
- touch
- temperature
42
sensory ganglion of trigeminal nerve resides on
- trigeminal ganglion
43
divisions of trigeminal nerve
- ophthalmic division V1
- maxillary division V2
- mandibular division V3
44
nasal cavity receives vascular supply from
- facial and maxillary arteries from external carotid artery
| - ophthalmic artery branch from internal carotid artery
45
the terminal branch of the maxillary artery that traverses through the sphenopalatine foramen and gives rise to several lateral posterior nasal branches and a posterior septal branch
- sphenopalatine artery
46
the branch of the internal carotid artery that vascularizes the eye/orbit and gives rise to ethmoidal arteries that supply the anterior/superior aspect of the nasal cavity
- ophthalmic artery
47
the branch of the maxillary artery that gives rise to branches that ascend through the palate to contribute to vascular supply
- greater palatine artery
48
the area along the nasal cavity where converging arteries anastomose together
importance of this
- Klesselbach's plexus
| - common site of nose bleeds (epistaxis)
49
one way to treat nosebleeds surgically
- pack/clip area around sphenopalatine artery to reduce hemorrhage
50
olfactory axons traverse the _____ of the ethmoid and synapse within the olfactory bulbs
- cribriform plate
51
the anterior 1/3rd portion of the nasal cavity receives sensory innervation from
V1- ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
52
the posterior 2/3rd portion of the nasal cavity receives sensory innervation from
V2- maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
53
located posterior to the nasal cavity and serve as one of the important relay centers for parasympathetic nerves traveling throughout the head and those traveling to the nasal cavity
- pterygopalatine ganglion
54
preganglionic parasympathetic nerves that are enroute to the nasal glands originate in the brainstem and travel via
which is a branch of
- greater petrosal nerve
| - cranial nerve 7 - facial nerve
55
the greater petrosal nerve traverses through the _____ in the skull base
- pterygoid canal
56
preganglionic parasympathetic nerves that are enroute to the nasal glands synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion onto postganglionic parasympathetic nerves which travel along sensory branches of ____ to innervate nasal cavity glands
- V2
57
preganglionic sympathetic nerves ascend within the sympathetic chain to the ________ where they synapse on postganglionic sympathetics
- superior cervical ganglion
58
postganglionic sympathetic nerves travel along the internal carotid artery and form the __________
- deep petrosal nerve
59
deep petrosal nerve as greater petrosal nerve meet within the pterygoid canal and form
- Vidian nerve
60
what do we do for patients who have failed medications for chronic rhinitis and rhinorrhea
how do we do it
- Vidian neurectomy
| - cut nerve within pterygoid canal
61
goal of Vidian neuroctomy
- eliminate parasympathetic nerves that ultimately provide secretory activity to nasal mucosa
62
what is the mucosa covered bulge in the nasopharynx that represents that cartilaginous portion of the proximal pharyngotympanic tube
- torus tubarius
63
what is a deep slit-like recess where cancerous growths can initiate within the pharynx
- pharyngeal recess
64
what two muscles of the soft palate open the pharyngotympic tube
also elevate the soft palate when swallowing to prevent food from entering the nasopharynx
- levator veli palatini
| - tensor veli palatini
