Respiratory

Question 1

Common Cold/Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

Answer 1

Nasal congestion and discharge, sneezing, watering eyes, sore throat, hoarseness, coughing, clear and thin nasal discharge early on, greenish yellow and thick discharge later on, headache, slight fever

Question 2

Sinusitis

Answer 2

Headache over on or both eyes, pain and tenderness just above the eyes, pain in cheeks and upper teeth, thick greenish yellow mucopurulent discharge

Question 3

Pharyngitis(Sore throat)

Answer 3

Inflammation of tonsils, uvula and palate, sore throat with dryness, burning sensation, sensation of a lump in the throat, chills, fever, dysphasia, dysphonia, cervical lymphadenopathy

Question 4

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Answer 4

Tumours in nasopharynx or neck mass, nasal obstruction with epistaxis, serous otitis media, headache, hearing loss, tinnitus, pain, impaired function of cranial nerves, often asymptomatic early on

Question 5

Laryngitis

Answer 5

Hoarseness causing aphonia, fever, malaise, painful throat, dysphagia, varies with severity of inflammation

Question 6

Deviated Septum

Answer 6

Narrowing, obstruction of air passage, slight increased tendency to develop sinusitis, no significant symptoms

Question 7

Nasal Polyps

Answer 7

Grey lumps along nasal passage, can become large enough to obstruct nasal airway(difficult breathing), can affect or impair sense of smell, can obstruct sinuses(leads to sinusitis)

Question 8

Anosmia

Answer 8

Loss of smell without obvious cause, lost or impaired ability to taste

Question 9

Epistaxis(Nosebleedd)

Answer 9

Hemorrhage from nose(usually from one nostril), systemic symptoms from significant blood loss(vertigo, tachycardia, pallor, shortness of breath, hypertension)

Question 10

Laryngeal Tumors

Answer 10

Dysphonia, intermittent hoarseness(benign), continuous hoarseness that gradually gets worse

Question 11

Laryngeal Cancer

Answer 11

Hoarseness if vocal chords are involved(intermittent with benign or chronic irritation, continuous and worsening with malignant), dysphagia, haemoptysis, chronic cough, referred pain to ear, strider, potential airway obstruction

Question 12

Hemoptysis

Answer 12

Bright or dark red blood streaked sputum or dark red clots from pulmonary or bronchial circulation, can be massive indicating serious underlying conditions, profuse bleeding in severe lung infections, respiratory malignancy, erosion of pulmonary vessel

Question 13

Atelectasis

Answer 13

Hypoxia causes dyspnea, substernal retraction, cyanosis, diminished breath sounds over affected area, mediastinal shift towards side of collapse, anxiety, diaphoresis, tachycardia, fever

Question 14

Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 14

Sudden onset dyspnea when embolism enter pulmonary circulation and interrupts blood flow(acute), apprehension, rails on pleural rub; Cough, chest pain, low grade fever(Small, uncomplicated); Dyspnea, tachypnea, chest pain, hemoptysis(Extensive infection); sudden onset, cyanosis, shock, death(Massive)

Question 15

Pneumonia

Answer 15

Cough, fever, shortness of breath even at rest, chills sweating, chest pains, cyanosis, blood and sputum, panting or shallow rapid respiration in children, the larger the area affected the more severe the symptoms

Question 16

Pulmonary Abscesses

Answer 16

Alternating chills and fever, chest pain, productive cough with purulent, bloody, or foul-smelling sputum, foul smelling breath

Question 17

Legionellosis(Legionnaire’s Disease/Pontiac Fever)

Answer 17

Severe: Sever pneumonia-like symptoms general malaise, headache, cough, onset of chills and fever, chest pain, dyspnea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia
Pontiac Fever/Mild Legionnaire’s: High fever, muscle aches, pneumonia does not occur, incubation times are shorter than severe

Question 18

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pneumonia

Answer 18

Mild upper respiratory tract: Cold-like symptoms, nasal congestion, otitis media, coughing
Lower respiratory tract infection: Fever, malaise, lethargy, frequent coughing, wheezing, dyspnea

Question 19

Histoplasmosis

Answer 19

Pneumonia, dyspnea, loss of energy as fungus disseminates, febrile, spleen and lymph nodes enlarged, can become systemic, asymptomatic at onset

Question 20

Influenza

Answer 20

Inflammation of upper and lower respiratory tract, severe protracted cough, fever up to 101 to 102F(may reach 103-104F in sever cases), chills, headache, sore throat, generalized malaise,
Fever, cough, other respiratory symptoms longer than five days can indicate secondary bacterial pneumonia

Question 21

Bronchitis

Answer 21

Deep, persistent, productive cough, thick yellow to gray sputum, shortness of breath and wheezing, slightly elevated temperatures, pain in upper chest aggravated by coughs, scattered wails on auscultation, no evidence of pneumonia
Chronic: Inflammation persists or becomes worse for at least three months

Question 22

Bronchiectasis

Answer 22

Chronic cough producing purulent, foul-smelling sputum, hemoptysis, dyspnea, wheezing, fever, general malaise, chronic halitosis

Question 23

Asthma

Answer 23

Wheezing

Question 24

Pulmonary Emphysema

Answer 24

Wheezing productive cough, dyspnea, gradual difficult in breathing, dyspnea, tachypnea, wheezing, barrel chest, pursed lip breathing, circumoral cyanosis, right ventricular heart failure

Question 25

Pnuemonconiosis

Answer 25

Onset can be insidious, dyspnea on exertion, dry cough later becoming productive, increasing effort for inspiration, pulmonary hypertension, tachycardia, general malaise, recurrent respiratory tract infections

Question 26

Pleurisy(Pleuritis)

Answer 26

Unilateral sharp, needle-like pain increasing with inspiration/coughing, fever and chills, inspirations are shallow, rapid, restricted, pain may radiate to shoulder or abdomen, pleural rub on auscultation

Question 27

Pneumothorax

Answer 27

Severe shortness of breath, sudden and sharp chest pain, falling blood pressure, rapid weak pulse, shallow and weak respiration, cyanosis, anxiety, mediastinal shift to unaffected side, acute distress

Question 28

Hemothorax

Answer 28

Similar to pneumothorax, hemorrhage(pale clammy skin, weak and thready pulse, falling blood pressure), chest pain, respiration is labored and shallow/gasping, acute distress

Question 29

Flail Chest

Answer 29

Double fracture of three or more adjacent ribs, severe pain, dyspnea, cyanosis, anxiety, chest moves inward during inspiration, outward during expiration, paradoxical breathing

Question 30

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Answer 30

Primary: Often initially asymptomatic
Secondary: Big symptoms such as weight loss, reduced appetite, listlessness, vague chest pain, dry cough, loss of energy, fever, productive cough with purulent sputum and disease progresses, blood streaking, hemoptysis, fever, night sweats

Question 31

Infectious Mononucleosis(Glandular Fever)

Answer 31

Lymphadenopathy, fever that typically peaks in the afternoon, initially symptoms are vague but includes general malaise, anorexia, chills
As the infection progresses, sore throat, fever, headache, fatigue, cervical and generalized lymphadenothy, tonsils may appear to be covered in debris, can cause mild transient hepatitis, atypical lymphocytosis

Question 32

Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome(ARDS)

Answer 32

Sudden onset of severe hypoxemia, progressive hypercapnia, acidemia in someone who recently had shock, septicemia shock, insults to lungs or rest of body, lungs are hemorrhagic, wet, boggy, congested, unable to diffuse oxygen leading to atelectasis, onset usually 24-48 hours
Primary symptoms: Sudden and severe dyspnea with rapid and shallow respiration, intercostal and suprasternal retractions, cyanosis, mottled skin, rails, ronchi, wheeze may be present

Question 33

Sarcoidosis

Answer 33

Pulmonary: Dry cough, shortness of breath, mild chest pain due to loss of lung volume or abnormal lung stiffness, fatigue, fever, weight loss, swollen ankles, joint pain
Organ specific symptoms in chronic mulitsystem cases, epitheloid lesions can affect skin, eyes, muscoskeletal system, internal organs, lesions on walls of bronchioles, alveolae, lymph nodes of chest

Question 34

Lung Cancer

Answer 34

Cough with or without sputum production, dyspnea, hemoptysis, chest pain(usually dull, intermittent pain on side of tumor), weight loss
Brain Metastasis: Headache, weakness, change in mental status, seizures