Cardiovascular

Question 1

Coronary Artery Disease(CAD)

Answer 1

Asymptomatic initially, pain of angina pectoris, burning, squeezing, crushing, radiating to arm/neck/jaw pain, nausea, vomiting, weakness

Question 2

Angina Pectoris

Answer 2

Sudden onset of left sided chest pain during or after exertion, pain may radiate to left arm/back, dyspnea, hypertension, arrythmias

Question 3

Myocardial Infarction(MI)

Answer 3

Left sided chest pain, crushing, burning discomfort, pain radiates to arms/back/jaw, not relieved by rest or nitroglycerin, irregular heartbeat, dyspnea, diaphoresis, denial, severe anxiety, impending doom

Question 4

Cardiac Arrest

Answer 4

Unresponsive, no respiratory effort of pulse

Question 5

Essential Hypertension/Primary Hypertension

Answer 5

Insidious onset, headaches, epistaxis, lightheadness, syncope(few symptoms until permanent damage)

Question 6

Malignant Hypertension

Answer 6

Severe headache, blurred vision, dyspnea, sudden onset

Question 7

Congestive Heart Failure(CHF)

Answer 7

Insidious onset, gradually increasing dyspnea, increased heart rate, increased lung rate, anxiety, distended neck veins, edema in ankles, liver and spleen enlargement, pulmonary congestion, peripheral edema more pronounced with ride sided failure, respiratory failures more pronounced with left sided failure

Question 8

Cor Pulmonale

Answer 8

Dyspnea, distended neck veins, edema of extremities, enlarged and tender liver

Question 9

Pulmonary Edema

Answer 9

Dyspnea, coughing, orthopnea, increased respiratory and heart rate, bloody frothy sputum, lowered blood pressure, cold and clammy skin, symptoms often occur when patients lie down at night

Question 10

Cardiomyopathy

Answer 10

Symptoms of CHF(Dyspnea, fatigue, tachycardia, palpitations, chest pain, peripheral edema, hepatic congestion, syncope, cardiac murmurs

Question 11

Pericarditis

Answer 11

Fever, chills, malaise, chest pain that fluctuates with inspiration or heartbeat, dyspnea, tachycardia

Question 12

Myocarditis

Answer 12

Palpitations, dyspnea, fever, arrythmia, chest tenderness

Question 13

Endocarditis

Answer 13

Vague to pronounced: fever, chills, night sweats, weakness, anorexia, fatigue

Question 14

Rheumatic Fever

Answer 14

Fever, polyarthritis(joint pain, edema, redness, limited range of motion), carditis, cardiac murmurs, cardiomegaly, CHF, weakness, malaise, anorexia, weight loss, abdominal pain, rash on trunk, small nodules on tendons sheets in the knees, knuckles, elbows

Question 15

Mitral Stenosis

Answer 15

Exertional dyspnea, fatigue, cough, palpitations, hemoptysis, cyanosis, insidious or acute

Question 16

Mitral Insufficiency

Answer 16

Dyspnea, fatigue, heart murmur

Question 17

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Answer 17

Dizziness, chest pain, dyspnea, fatigue, syncope, anxiety, most are asymptomatic

Question 18

Arrythmias

Answer 18

Palpitations, tachycardia, skipped heartbeats, bradycardia, syncope, fatigue

Question 19

Shock

Answer 19

Vasodilation, fluid shift, inefficient cardiac output, pale, cold, clammy skin, rapid weak, thready pulse, rapid breathing, altered level of consciousness, anxiety, irritability, restlessness, impending doom, blood pressure drops, dizziness, thirst, sweating, dilation of pupils, dull and lustreless eyes, shaking and trembling in later stages

Question 20

Cardiogenic Shock

Answer 20

Symptoms of shock, hypertensive state that continues to worsen

Question 21

Cardiac Tamponade(Cardiac Compression)

Answer 21

Sudden severe dyspnea, rapid falling blood pressure, weak thready, rapid pulse, shock and cyanosis, level of consciousness falls

Question 22

Anemia

Answer 22

Hemorrhage, excessive destruction of red blood cells, nutritional deficiency, chronic disease, fatigue, decreased tolerance for exercise, weakness, shortness of breath