Endocrine Flashcards
Pituitary Dwarfism
Growth retardation evident in infancy, persists through childhood, normal puberty may not even occur, proportionally small, growth before the age of five years, short stature and height for age
Gigantism
Facial features may thicken, hands and feet may be disproportionately enlarged, headaches, excess sweating, late onset of puberty, joint problems, cardiovascular weakness and myopathy, shorter life expectancy
Acromegaly
Enlargement of hands, feet and head, soft-tissue thickening of the palms of hands and the soles of the feet, enlargement of the forehead, enlargement of the jaw that causes the teeth to spread, enlargement of tongue, arthritis
Diabetes Insipidus(DI)
Production of abnormally large amounts of urine(polyuria), extreme thirst and increase in fluid intake(Polydipsia), increased urinary frequency, disturbed sleep due to bed wetting, daytime fatigue, fever, headache, weight loss, low blood pressure
Hypothyroidism
Unexplained weight gain, dry skin, hair loss, swollen face, hands, legs, ankles or feet, increase sensitivity to cold, aches and pains in muscles or joints, hoarse or raspy voice, constipation, heavy or irregular menstrual periods, changes in blood cholesterol levels, fatigue, slower speech, trouble remembering, enlarged thyroid, slow heart rate, infertility
Congenital Hypothyroidism
Umbilical hernia, protruding abdomen, reduced level of activity, generalized lethargy, continuous weight gain even with poor feeding habits, small stature, retardation of physical growth, developmental delay, swelling in eyelids, enlarged tongue, coarse facial features
Hyperthyroidism(Grave’s Disease)
Enlargement of thyroid, nervousness, irritability, rapid or irregular heartbeat, heat intolerance, increased sweating, insomnia, fatigue, diarrhea, weight loss
Simple Goiter
Enlargement of thyroid gland to various degrees
Thyroid Cancer
A lump in the neck, voice hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, pain in the neck and throat, swollen lymph nodes in the neck
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia(bones weaken, bend and fracture spontaneously, giant cell tumors and cysts of the bone, excessive calcium causes formation of kidney stones, hardened blood vessels), bone pain(sometimes confused with arthritis), depressed nervous system, loss of muscle tone and weakness, heart muscle is affected and pulse slows, gastrointestinal disturbances, abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation
Hypoparathyroidism
Lethargy, personality changes, anxiety, blurred vision, trembling of limbs, tetany
Hypoadrenalism
Deficiency in cortisol(weight loss, fatigue, anorexia, hyperpigmentation), anorexia, loss of appetite, abdominal discomfort, vomiting and diarrhea, low blood pressure or hypertension, dizziness, lack of blood sodium, syncope(fainting)
Acute Adrenal Insufficiency
Develop rapidly and include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and severe hypertension, death can result from shock and cardiovascular collapse
Hyperadrenalism(Cushing’s Syndrome)
Classic signs and symptoms: fat accumulation behind the shoulders known as Buffalo Hump, a round “moon shaped face”, fatigue, weakness, impaired wound healing, protruding abdomen, hypertension, weight gain, stretch marks on the skin
Hyperadrenalism(Conn’s Syndrome)
Hypertension(headaches, blurred vision, dizziness), hypokalemia(low potassium levels) causes fatigue, numbness, increased urination, increased thirst, muscle cramps, muscle weakness, hyperaldosteronism leads to increased risk for heart attack, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure, and early death
