Reproductive Flashcards
Prostatitis
Category 1(Sudden onset of fever ad chills, flu-like symptoms, pain in prostate gland, lower back or groin, urinary problems(increased urgency and frequency, difficulty or pain when urinating, blood-tinged urine) and painful ejaculation), Category 2(Slow onset of sings and symptoms resembling category 1 that wax and wane), Category 3(Resembles Category 2 but no fever), Category 4(Usually found during examination for other conditions, may not need treating)
Epididymitis
Tender, red, swollen scrotum, unilateral testicle pain/tenderness, painful urination and ejaculation, fever and abdominal pain, discharge from penis
Orchitis
Testicular swelling and pain, nausea and vomiting, fever, penile discharge
Cryptorchidism
Inability to feel one or both testicles in scrotum, affected testicle(s) often have a short spermatic artery, and poor blood supply
Testicular Cancer
Painless lump on testicle, sensation of heaviness or aching in lower abdomen or scrotum
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia(BPH)
Urinary issues including dribbling after urination, inability to urinate, needing to urinate twice or more in a single night, pain with urination, blood urine, trouble urinating
Prostate Cancer
Trouble initiating and maintaining urination(weak flow), frequent urination, blood in urine or semen, pain or burning during urination, difficulty achieving and maintaining erection, pain in upper thighs, hips and back
Erectile Dysfunction
Not being able to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient enough for intercourse
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease(PID)
Fever, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, irregular menstrual bleeding, painful intercourse and urination
Cervical Cancer
Typically don’t become present until the cancer becomes invasive and affects nearby tissue, pelvic pain during intercourse, vaginal discharge and abnormal vaginal bleeding
Leiomyomas
Depends on location and size of the tumors
Ovarian Cancer
Bloating, pelvic and abdominal pain, trouble eating/feeling full quickly, changes in urinary urgency or frequency
Breast Cancer
Nipple pain, retraction, or thickening, swelling of all parts of the breast, unusual discharge from nipple
Fibroadenomas
Firm, round, smooth, and rubbery, with clearly defined edges(unlike tumor)
Breast Cysts
Smooth and easily moveable lump with defined edges, and breast pain or tenderness in cyst area
Fibrocystic Breast Changes(FBC)
Breast swelling or thickening(or lumps within tissue), breast pain or tenderness
Dysmenorrhea
Cramping, pain in lower back and pelvis
Menorrhagia
Bleeding for a week or longer, passing large blood clot
Metorrhagia
Bleeding between menstrual periods, abdominal pain with bleeding, and/or irregularity of the menstrual cycle
Premenstrual Syndrome(PMS) & Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder(PMDD)
Breast swelling and tenderness, body pain, bloating and weight gain, mood swings, irritability, crying spells, depression, anxiety
Endometriosis
Pelvic pain is the main symptom, but constipation, bloating, menorrhagia and metorrhagia are also commonly reported
Ectopic Pregnancy
One-sided lower abdomen pain, positive pregnancy test, and vaginal bleeding
Spontaneous Abortion/Miscarriage
Pain in lower back or abdomen, vaginal bleeding, tissue or clot-like material discharged from vagina
Preeclampsia
Severe cases can include headaches, blurred vision, dizziness, sudden weight gain, vomiting, and decreased urine output
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus(GMD)
Diagnosis: Glucose tolerance test
Treatment: Regular blood-glucose monitoring, controlling dietary glucose, exercise, insulin therapy
Menopause
Hot flashes, night sweats, trouble sleeping or focusing, mood swings, hair loss or thinning, facial hair growth
Uterine Prolapse
Feelings of heaviness in the pelvic area, and urinary difficulties
Cystocele
Pelvic pressure, urinary urgency and frequency, loss of bladder control
Rectocele
Discomfort, constipation, loss of bladder control
Gonorrhea
Males: Burning during urination, white, yellow or green penile discharge, painful or swollen testicles, can cause epididymitis and infertility
Females: Pain while urinating, increased vaginal discharge, or bleeding between periods, can cause PID in long-term
Syphilis
Primary stage: Chancres at entry site(small, firm and painless round lesions that last 3-6 weeks and heal on their own)
Secondary Stage: Widespread rash(appears as rough, red or brown spots)
Latent Stage: If no treatment is administered, internal organs are damaged and condition can be life-threatening
Chlamydia
Females: Abnormal discharge from vagina, burning during urination, lower abdominal back and pelvic pain, fever and nausea, bleeding between menstrual periods(Untreated infections can cause PID)
Males: Penile discharge, burning when urinating, itching and burning around urethral orifice
Trichomoniasis
Itching, irritation, or soreness inside penis or vagina, burning after urination or ejaculation, penile discharge, or vaginal discharge with unusual smell or colour, only a third of infected individuals develop any symptoms
Genital Herpes
HSV-1: Affects mouth and lips causing sores and blisters
HSV-2: Causes genital herpes, more common in women than men, painful blisters around the genitals which can rupture and leave ulcers that take up to a month to heal
Genital Warts
Benign neoplastic growths on epidermis of genitalia, most cases are asymptomatic and are resolved by immune action
