Respiratory Flashcards
1st line Asthma controller
Inhaled corticosteroids
Pathophysiology of airflow ibstruction, hyperinflation and emphysema
COPD
1st line Asthma reliever
Short Acting Beta Agonists
Diagnostic finding of COPD in Spirometey
FEV1/FVC <70%
Paradoxical inward movement of rib cage upon inspiration in COPD
Hoover’s sign
Syndrome of silicosis with Rheumatoid Arthritis with pneumo nodules in Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis
Caplan’s Syndrome
‘egg shell’ or ‘crazy paving’ pattern of calcification on hilar nodes with nodular and progressive fibrosis
Silicosis
Female patient eho had never smoke but with history of drug use presenting with fever
Non-specific Interstitial Pneumonia (HM: uniform inflammation)
> 40yo px with sudden cough, dyspnea and fever eith CT of patchy ground glass areas
Acute Interstiial Pneumonia (Hamman Rich Syndrome)
Crunching or clicking sounds synchronous with the heart
Pneumomediastinum (Hamman’s sign)
ECG findings in patient suspected of Pulmonary embolism
S1Q3T3 S wave in lead I Q wave in lead III T wave inversion in lead III (most frequent: T wave inversion V1-4)
Tricispid Regurgitaion worsened on inspiration
Carvallo’s sign ( Cor Pulmonale)
Rheumatoid Artritis wih splenomegalu, subcuaneous nodules and neutropenia
Felty’s Syndrome
‘Swan Neck’ / ‘Z’ / Bouttonierre deformity
Rheumatoid Arthritis
3 cardinal features of Systemic Sclerosis
‘FIV’ (Fibrosis, Immunity, Vasculopathy)
Progressive & Visceral Fibrosis
Cellular & Humoral Immunity
Vasculopathy with progressive occlusion
Almost all Paraneoplastic syndromes (e.g. SIADH Cushing) are caused by SCCA except for this ehich is caused by what CA
Hypercalcemia
Squamous Cell Lung CA
Repeated cycles of alveolitis by unidentified agent with hallmark of pathy interstitial fibrosis ehich varies in intensity and time
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Noncaseating granulomas
mediastinal and hilar LAD (CXR: ‘potato nodes’)
increased ACE & Ca
Schaumann and Asteroid bodies
Sarcoidosis
Single abscess on Right Lung is due to
Aspiration
Multiple, basal, diffusely distributed - due to PNA, Bronchiectasis
MC site of aspiration
Superior segment of Right Lobe
2nd MCC of Acute COPD exacerbation
1 H. influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Virulence factor & factor preventing phagolysosome fusion in TB
Cord factor - virulence
Sulfatides - inhibit phagolysosomal fusion
MC site of Lung CA metastasis
Adrenals (50%) > Liver (30-50%) > Brain (20%) > Bone (20%)
Mutations in Squamous Cell CA AdenoCA and Small Cell CA of the Lungs
Squamous - p53 mutation
AdenoCA - EGFR mutation
Small Cell - p53 and RB mutation
Weakness improved bu activity
No eye weakness
Anti voltage gated Ca channel Ab @presynaptic terminal
assoc with Small Cell CA
Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
Component in cigarette smoking causing malignancy
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Tar
Benzopyrene
Nitrosamine
Neuroendocrine cells in SCCA causing the different Paraneoplastic syndromes
Kulchitsky cells
Supplies Infrahyoid muscles
Ansa cervicalis
(C1-3)
- union of CN12 & Descending branch of C1 unites with Descrnding branch of C2&C3
*omohyoid sternohyoid sternothyroid except thyrohyoid (C1)
Only motor nerve supply to the Diaphragm
Phrenic nerve
(C3-5)
*superficial to Scalene Anterior
Borders of the Thoracic Inlet
Post - T1 vert
Ant - Manubrium sterni
Lat - 1st rib
*aka Thoracic outlet/Superior Thoracic Aperture
*Inferior Thoracic Aperture
Post- T12
PostLat - 11 & 12th rib
AnteLat - costal margin
Ant - Xiphisternal jt
Most serious pleural neoplasm
Which is caused by Asbestos
Malignant Mesothelioma
