Gastoenterology Flashcards
Colonic adenoma with highest risk of CA
Villous adenoma (40%) > Sessile serrated adenoma (20%) > Tubular adenoma (5%)
1st lesion in Ulcerative colitis
Apthous ulcer
Diverticulosis has thin walls due to lack of this layer
absent muscularis propia
MC site of Juvenile polyp, Peutz-Jeger hamarthromatous polyps, Hypertrophic polyps
Juvenile polyp - pedunculated, rectal Peutz-Jeger hamarthromatous polyps - sessile, small intestine Hypertrophic polyps - sessile, left colon
Carney’s triad
Paraganglioma
Gastric GIST
Pulmonary chondroma
(dx if GIST - c-Kit)
Salt and pepper chromatin
Carcinoid tumor
Disease assocs of FAP
Garner Syndrome
-intestinal polyps and osteomas (mandible, skull & long bones)
Turcot Syndrome
-intestinal adenomas and CNS tumors
Accounts for 50% of Acute Hepatic failure
Acetaminophen
MC component causing Hepatic Encephalopathy
Ammonia
Responsible for muaty body odor in Hepatic Failure
Formation of Mercaptans as Thil complexes pass through the lungs
‘Fetor Hepaticus’
Pain
Ascites
Liver Enlargement
Budd Chiari Syndrome
obstruction of >/=2 major hepatic veins
Circular folds of the Jejunum
Valves of Kerkring
What do you call the anastomotic loops of arteries seen in Jejunum and Ileum
Arcades
Symptoms of diarrhea, hypokalemia and achlorhydia
VIPoma ( Werner-Morisson Syndrome )
- majority malignant
Whipple’s Triad
Insulinoma - most common islet cell tumor (>85%)
Fasting hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemic symptoms (catechol surg, sweating, tachycardia)
Relieved by glucose
Bloodless fold of Treves
Ileocecal fold
CT signs of Acute Appendicitis
Diameter >7mm
Wall thickness >2mm
Bull’s eye appearance
Sign with (+) rebound pain on applied pressure in Acute Appendicitis
Aaron’s sign
Possible nerve injury on Appendectomy
Iliohypogastric Nerve
Billlroth I vs II
Billroth I: antrectomy with gastroduodenal anastomosis
Billroth II: antrectomy with gastrojejunal anastomosis
Levator ani muscles
‘PIP’
Puborectalis
Iliococcygeus
Pubococcygeus
Nerve Supply
Pelvic side: lower sacral nerve
Perineal side: inferior hemorrhoidal nerve
Mucosal spiral folds of Cystic duct
Spiral valves of Heister
3 transverse rectal folds of the Rectum
Valves of Houston
- formed by mucosa submucosa & inner circular layer of smooth muscle
