Respiratory

Question 1

Describe the Bohr effect. What causes respective right and left shifts?

Answer 1

changes in the oxygen dissociation curve to either facilitate oxygen absorption or bonding with hemoglobin.

Right: tissues with decreased oxygen affinity

• increases in acidity
• CO2
• temperature
• 2,3-DPG

Left: lung, increased affinity for oxygen
- opposite as above

Question 2

What is characteristic of ARDS on BAL?

Answer 2

high protein levels

Question 3

B2 agonists have what affect on the respiratory system? What are their potential side effects?

Answer 3

bronchodilators

at high doses can cause tachycardia, hypokalemia, or tremors

Question 4

What is the mechanism of theophylline?

Answer 4

increase cAMP

Question 5

Inhaled anticholinergics include ______ and ______. They cause _______ .

Answer 5

Atropine and Ipratropium

decreased parasympathetic input (decreased bronchoconstriction)

Question 6

What is the duration of vecuronium?

Answer 6

30 minutes

Question 7

What is the duration of pancuronium?

Answer 7

1 hour

Question 8

Succinylcholine is what type of paralytic? What electrolyte abnormality can it cause?

Answer 8

depolarizing blocker

hyperkalemia

Question 9

What is normal tidal volume in adults?

Answer 9

5-6 cc/kg