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Citow - Critical Care > Blood Products and Coagulation > Flashcards

Blood Products and Coagulation Flashcards

1
Q

What acid/base abnormality can occur with massive blood transfusion? What electrolyte abnormalities?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

Hypocalcemia and Hyperkalemia (sometimes hypokalemia secondary to the alkalosis)

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2
Q

What causes the reaction seen in febrile nonhemolytic reaction?

A

cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF)

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3
Q

What causes transfusion related lung injury? What is it similar to clinically? How does it differ?

A

pulmonary agglutinin reaction

ARDS

resolves in usually 4 days

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4
Q

What are the treatments for TTP?

A

plasmapharesis, exchange transfusions, antiplatelet agents, and rarely splenectomy

DO NOT TRANSFUSE PLATEMENTS

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5
Q

What are the treatments for ITP?

A

steroids and splenectomy

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6
Q

How long does the platelet effect of ASA last?

A

10 days i.e. the life of the platelet

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7
Q

Which coagulation pathway affects PTT?

A

intrinsic

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8
Q

Which coagulation pathway affects PT?

A

extrinsic

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9
Q

What components make up the intrinsic pathway?

A

XII, XI, iX w/ VIII followed by the shared pathway

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10
Q

What components make up the extrinsic pathway?

A

Tissue thromboplastin, VII followed by the shared pathway

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11
Q

What is the shared pathway for intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation cascades?

A 
X (w/ V)
II
Thrombin
I (Fibrinogen)
Fibrin (w/ XII)
Stabilized fibrin
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12
Q

What coagulation lab measures are affected by DIC?

A

elevated PT, PTT, and bleeding time

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13
Q

What is the treatment for DIC?

A
  • treat the causative agent
  • heparin
  • cryoprecipitate
  • platelets
  • whole blood
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14
Q

What are the vitamin K dependent coagulation factors?

A

protein C and S, factors VIII. IX. X. II

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15
Q

Hemophilia B is caused by what factor deficiency? What is the genetic inheritance? What are the abnormal lab values? What’s the treatment?

A

factor IX

X-linked recessive

increased PTT, normal PT, normal bleeding time

FFP

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16
Q

What is the genetic inheritance of factor VIII deficiency? What’s it called? What is the treatment?

A

X-linked recessive

Hemophilia A

Cryoprecipitate

17
Q

What is the treatment for vWF disease? What’s the treatment?

A

autosomal dominant

cryoprecipitate

18
Q

What coagulation factor deficiencies causes hypercoagulablity? What are the clinical manifestations?

A

protein C, S, and antithrombin III

venous thrombosis

19
Q

What is the mechanism of action for heparin?

A

increases the action of antithrombin III

20
Q

What is the reversal agent for heparin?

A

protamine sulfate

Citow - Critical Care (14 decks)

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